Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
J Immunol. 2023 Aug 15;211(4):527-538. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200862.
IgE-mediated mast cell activation is a driving force in allergic disease in need of novel interventions. Statins, long used to lower serum cholesterol, have been shown in multiple large-cohort studies to reduce asthma severity. We previously found that statins inhibit IgE-induced mast cell function, but these effects varied widely among mouse strains and human donors, likely due to the upregulation of the statin target, 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl-CoA reductase. Statin inhibition of mast cell function appeared to be mediated not by cholesterol reduction but by suppressing protein isoprenylation events that use cholesterol pathway intermediates. Therefore, we sought to circumvent statin resistance by targeting isoprenylation. Using genetic depletion of the isoprenylation enzymes farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyl transferase 1 or their substrate K-Ras, we show a significant reduction in FcεRI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production. Furthermore, similar effects were observed with pharmacological inhibition with the dual farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyl transferase 1 inhibitor FGTI-2734. Our data indicate that both transferases must be inhibited to reduce mast cell function and that K-Ras is a critical isoprenylation target. Importantly, FGTI-2734 was effective in vivo, suppressing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis, allergic pulmonary inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Collectively, these findings suggest that K-Ras is among the isoprenylation substrates critical for FcεRI-induced mast cell function and reveal isoprenylation as a new means of targeting allergic disease.
免疫球蛋白 E 介导的肥大细胞活化是过敏疾病的驱动因素,需要新的干预措施。他汀类药物长期以来一直用于降低血清胆固醇,多项大型队列研究表明,他汀类药物可降低哮喘的严重程度。我们之前发现他汀类药物抑制 IgE 诱导的肥大细胞功能,但这些作用在不同的小鼠品系和人类供体之间差异很大,这可能是由于他汀类药物的靶标 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A 还原酶的上调。他汀类药物抑制肥大细胞功能似乎不是通过降低胆固醇,而是通过抑制使用胆固醇途径中间产物的蛋白质异戊烯化事件来实现的。因此,我们试图通过靶向异戊烯化来规避他汀类药物的耐药性。通过遗传耗尽异戊烯化酶法尼基转移酶和香叶基香叶基转移酶 1 或其底物 K-Ras,我们显示 FcεRI 介导的脱颗粒和细胞因子产生显著减少。此外,用双重法尼基转移酶和香叶基香叶基转移酶 1 抑制剂 FGTI-2734 进行药理学抑制也观察到类似的效果。我们的数据表明,必须抑制两种转移酶才能降低肥大细胞功能,并且 K-Ras 是一个关键的异戊烯化靶标。重要的是,FGTI-2734 在体内有效,抑制了肥大细胞依赖性过敏反应、过敏性肺部炎症和气道高反应性。总之,这些发现表明 K-Ras 是 IgE 诱导的肥大细胞功能所必需的异戊烯化底物之一,并揭示了异戊烯化作为一种新的靶向过敏疾病的方法。