Lehnen Nathalie, Hallek Michael
Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
Inn Med (Heidelb). 2023 Aug;64(8):717-726. doi: 10.1007/s00108-023-01551-9. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
Numerous data show that sex and gender have gained increasing importance in precision medicine as relevant modulators of specific oncological and hematological diseases. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on sex differences in the incidence and outcome of specific malignancies and to further elucidate possible underlying causes.
Evaluation and discussion of basic research studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials.
There are significant sex-specific differences in the incidence, response rates, and mortality for a variety of oncological diseases. For the most part, men have poorer outcomes, whereas women have higher treatment-associated toxicities and distinct presentations at younger ages. Hormonal, immunological, and pharmacological causes are suspected.
Advanced patient-individualized treatment in oncology and hematology will be measured in the future by the implementation of the existing relevant sex differences in the clinical practice and further investigations on underlying mechanisms in studies in order to guarantee and to optimize the best possible treatment for oncological patients in the future.
大量数据表明，作为特定肿瘤和血液疾病的相关调节因素，性别在精准医学中日益重要。本文旨在总结特定恶性肿瘤发病率和预后方面性别差异的当前知识状态，并进一步阐明可能的潜在原因。
对基础研究、荟萃分析和临床试验进行评估与讨论。
多种肿瘤疾病在发病率、缓解率和死亡率方面存在显著的性别差异。在大多数情况下，男性的预后较差，而女性与治疗相关的毒性较高，且在较年轻时有不同的表现。怀疑存在激素、免疫和药理学方面的原因。
未来肿瘤学和血液学中先进的患者个体化治疗将通过在临床实践中落实现有的相关性别差异以及在研究中对潜在机制进行进一步研究来衡量，以便在未来保障并优化为肿瘤患者提供的最佳治疗。
