Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Santa María de Lérida, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Santa María de Lérida, Spain.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2023 Jan-Mar;16 Suppl 1:68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.03.004. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
Different studies have suggested that psychological, social and economic factors could contribute to an increase in the suicide. That is why the scientific community fear an epidemic of suicides secondary to this crisis. The objective is to evaluate the variables related to suicidal behavior during the two states of alarm and to review if there were sociodemographic or clinical differences with respect to periods prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
We compared visits to the emergency room and their characteristics of all patients with suicidal behavior before and after the pandemic in Lérida. Information on sociodemographic status, reason for consultation, diagnosis and characteristics of suicidal behavior was obtained from the electronic medical record.
No differences were observed in the percentage of suicidal ideation or attempts in the three periods (p=0.201). The characteristics in the multiple logistic regression associated with suicidal behavior are: being a woman (OR: 1.81 [1.27-2.56]), living with relatives (OR: 1.55 [1.05-2.32]) and have a diagnosis of non-alcohol related substance use disorder (OR: 1.94 [1.09-3.42]). As protective factors, being visited in the emergency room during the second state of alarm (OR: 0.68 [0.48-0.96]) and having depression (OR: 0.67 [0.47-0.96]).
Emergency care for suicidal behavior did not increase during the pandemic and, in fact, in 2020 completed suicides decreased by almost half in the province. Risk factors for suicide attempt were female gender, living with relatives, and having a substance use disorder diagnosis. Instead, depression was a protective factor.
不同的研究表明，心理、社会和经济因素可能导致自杀率上升。这就是为什么科学界担心这场危机引发的自杀潮。目的是评估在两次警戒状态下与自杀行为相关的变量，并回顾与 COVID-19 大流行前相比，是否存在社会人口统计学或临床差异。
我们比较了在莱里达，大流行前后，所有有自杀行为的患者在急诊室就诊及其特征。从电子病历中获得社会人口统计学状况、就诊原因、诊断和自杀行为特征的信息。
在三个时期，自杀意念或企图的百分比没有差异（p=0.201）。多因素逻辑回归分析中与自杀行为相关的特征是：女性（OR：1.81 [1.27-2.56]）、与亲属同住（OR：1.55 [1.05-2.32]）和非酒精相关物质使用障碍的诊断（OR：1.94 [1.09-3.42]）。保护因素是在第二次警戒状态下在急诊室就诊（OR：0.68 [0.48-0.96]）和患有抑郁症（OR：0.67 [0.47-0.96]）。
大流行期间，自杀行为的急诊治疗并未增加，事实上，2020 年该省的自杀完成率下降了近一半。自杀企图的危险因素是女性、与亲属同住和物质使用障碍的诊断。相反，抑郁是一个保护因素。
