Paudel Dev, Wang Liping, Poudel Ravin, Acharya Janam P, Victores Samantha, de Souza Cleber Henrique Lopes, Rios Esteban, Wang Jianping
Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Environ Microbiome. 2023 Jul 18;18(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s40793-023-00517-6.
Legumes such as peanut (Arachis hypogea) can fulfill most of their nitrogen requirement by symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia. Nutrient availability is largely determined by microbial diversity and activity in the rhizosphere that influences plant health, nutrition, and crop yield, as well as soil quality and soil fertility. However, our understanding of the complex effects of microbial diversity and rhizobia inoculation on crop yields of different peanut cultivars under organic versus conventional farming systems is extremely limited. In this research, we studied the impacts of conventional vs. organic cultivation practices and inoculation with commercial vs. single strain inoculum on peanut yield and soil microbial diversity of five peanut cultivars. The experiment was set up in the field following a split-split-plot design. Our results from the 16 S microbiome sequencing showed considerable variations of microbial composition between the cultivation types and inoculum, indicating a preferential association of microbes to peanut roots with various inoculum and cropping system. Alpha diversity indices (chao1, Shannon diversity, and Simpson index) of soil microbiome were generally higher in plots with organic than conventional inorganic practices. The cultivation type and inoculum explained significant differences among bacterial communities. Taxonomic classification revealed two phyla, TM6 and Firmicutes were significantly represented in inorganic as compared to organic soil, where significant phyla were Armatimonadetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and WS3. Yields in the organic cultivation system decreased by 10-93% of the yields in the inorganic cultivation system. Cultivar G06 and T511 consistently showed relative high yields in both organic and inorganic trials. Our results show significant two-way interactions between cultivation type and genotype for most of the trait data collected. Therefore, it is critical for farmers to choose varieties based on their cultivation practices. Our results showed that bacterial structure was more uniform in organic fields and microbial diversity in legumes was reduced in inorganic fields. This research provided guides for farmers and scientists to improve peanut yield while promoting microbial diversity and increasing sustainability.
诸如花生（Arachis hypogea）之类的豆科植物可以通过与固氮细菌根瘤菌的共生关系来满足其大部分氮需求。养分的有效性在很大程度上取决于根际微生物的多样性和活性，这会影响植物健康、营养和作物产量，以及土壤质量和土壤肥力。然而，我们对于有机和传统耕作系统下微生物多样性和根瘤菌接种对不同花生品种作物产量的复杂影响的了解极为有限。在本研究中，我们研究了传统与有机种植方式以及商业接种物与单菌株接种物对五个花生品种的花生产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响。该实验在田间采用裂区裂区设计进行设置。我们16S微生物组测序的结果表明，种植类型和接种物之间的微生物组成存在相当大的差异，表明不同接种物和种植系统下微生物与花生根存在优先关联。土壤微生物组的α多样性指数（chao1、香农多样性和辛普森指数）在采用有机种植的地块中总体上高于传统无机种植方式。种植类型和接种物解释了细菌群落之间的显著差异。分类学分类显示，与有机土壤相比，无机土壤中显著代表的两个门是TM6和厚壁菌门，而有机土壤中的显著门类是装甲菌门、芽单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门和WS3。有机种植系统的产量比无机种植系统的产量降低了10% - 93%。品种G06和T511在有机和无机试验中始终表现出相对较高的产量。我们的结果表明，对于收集的大多数性状数据，种植类型和基因型之间存在显著的双向相互作用。因此，农民根据其种植方式选择品种至关重要。我们的结果表明，有机田中的细菌结构更均匀，而无机田中豆科植物的微生物多样性降低。本研究为农民和科学家提高花生产量、促进微生物多样性和增强可持续性提供了指导。
