物质使用筛查在美国监狱中入监时的特征。
Characteristics of Substance Use Screening at Intake in a Sample of U.S. Jails.
出版信息
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2023;34(1):180-191. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2023.0012.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Despite high rates of substance use among justice-involved populations, the use of substance screening tools in justice settings varies.
METHODS
Data are from the National Jail Health Care Study, which surveyed jails across the U.S. about their health care practices (n=371). Jails were asked to voluntarily submit their medical intake forms. A content analysis of intake forms (n=63) specific to questions about substance use was completed.
RESULTS
Seventy-three percent (73%) of intake forms used non-standardized questions to assess current substance use, and 27% did not ask any questions about substance use. Alcohol use was most assessed (52%), followed by tobacco (30%), and marijuana (22%). Less than 11% of jails asked about use of opioids and 40% of forms asked about withdrawal history.
CONCLUSIONS
The lack of adequate substance use screening in jails hinders identification of substance use disorders, potential for withdrawal symptoms, and appropriate connection to treatment resources.
摘要
背景
尽管有很高比例的涉法人群存在物质使用问题，但在司法环境中使用物质筛查工具的情况却各不相同。
方法
数据来自全美监狱医疗保健研究，该研究调查了美国各地监狱的医疗保健实践（n=371）。监狱被要求自愿提交他们的医疗记录。对医疗记录中关于物质使用的特定问题（n=63）进行了内容分析。
结果
73%的医疗记录使用非标准化问题来评估当前的物质使用情况，而 27%的医疗记录没有询问任何关于物质使用的问题。酒精使用的评估最多（52%），其次是烟草（30%）和大麻（22%）。不到 11%的监狱询问阿片类药物的使用情况，40%的表格询问戒断史。
结论
监狱中缺乏充分的物质使用筛查，阻碍了物质使用障碍、潜在戒断症状的识别，以及与治疗资源的适当联系。
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