Gadassi Polack Reuma, Bronstein Michael V, Questel Marcia, Edelman Audrey, Vinogradov Sophia, Kober Hedy, Joormann Jutta, Everaert Jonas
Department of Psychology, Yale University, CT, USA.
School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel.
Dev Psychopathol. 2023 Dec;35(5):2352-2364. doi: 10.1017/S0954579423000834. Epub 2023 Jul 19.
Interpretation biases and inflexibility (i.e., difficulties revising interpretations) have been linked to increased internalizing symptoms. Although adolescence is a developmental period characterized by novel social situations and increased vulnerability to internalizing disorders, no studies have examined interpretation inflexibility in adolescents. Additionally, no studies (on adolescents or adults) have examined interpretation flexibility as a protective factor against adverse outcomes of interpersonal events. Using a novel task and a 28-day diary we examined relations among interpretation bias and inflexibility, internalizing symptoms, and negative interpersonal events in a sample of children and adolescents ( = 159, ages 9-18). At baseline, negative interpretation bias was positively correlated with social anxiety symptoms, and positive interpretation bias negatively correlated with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Inflexible positive interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety and depressive symptoms, while inflexible negative interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety. Finally, interpretation inflexibility moderated daily associations between negative interpersonal events and depressive symptoms in daily life, such that higher inflexibility was associated with stronger associations between interpersonal events and subsequent depressive symptoms, potentially increasing depressive symptom instability. These results suggest that interpretation biases and inflexibility may act as both risk and protective factors for adolescent anxiety and depression.
解释偏差和僵化（即难以修正解释）与内化症状的增加有关。尽管青春期是一个以新的社会情境和更容易出现内化障碍为特征的发展阶段，但尚无研究考察青少年的解释僵化情况。此外，也没有研究（针对青少年或成年人）考察解释灵活性作为人际事件不良后果的保护因素。我们使用一项新颖的任务和一份为期28天的日记，在一个儿童和青少年样本（N = 159，年龄9至18岁）中考察了解释偏差和僵化、内化症状以及负面人际事件之间的关系。在基线时，消极解释偏差与社交焦虑症状呈正相关，积极解释偏差与社交焦虑和抑郁症状呈负相关。僵化的积极解释与更高的社交焦虑和抑郁症状相关，而僵化的消极解释与更高的社交焦虑相关。最后，解释僵化调节了日常生活中负面人际事件与抑郁症状之间的日常关联，即僵化程度越高，人际事件与随后抑郁症状之间的关联越强，这可能会增加抑郁症状的不稳定性。这些结果表明，解释偏差和僵化可能既是青少年焦虑和抑郁的风险因素，也是保护因素。
