Wang Yulong, Lv Pin, Pan Junye, Chen Jiahui, Liu Xinjie, Hu Min, Wan Li, Cao Kun, Liu Baoshun, Ku Zhiliang, Cheng Yi-Bing, Lu Jianfeng
State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.
Adv Mater. 2023 Nov;35(44):e2304625. doi: 10.1002/adma.202304625. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
Vapor deposition is a promising technology for the mass production of perovskite solar cells. However, the efficiencies of solar cells and modules based on vapor-deposited perovskites are significantly lower than those fabricated using the solution method. Emerging evidence suggests that large defects are generated during vapor deposition owing to a specific top-down crystallization mechanism. Herein, a hybrid vapor deposition method combined with solvent-assisted recrystallization for fabricating high-quality large-area perovskite films with low defect densities is presented. It is demonstrated that an intermediate phase can be formed at the grain boundaries, which induces the secondary growth of small grains into large ones. Consequently, perovskite films with substantially reduced grain boundaries and defect densities are fabricated. Results of temperature-dependent charge-carrier dynamics show that the proposed method successfully suppresses all recombination reactions. Champion efficiencies of 21.9% for small-area (0.16 cm ) cells and 19.9% for large-area (10.0 cm ) solar modules under AM 1.5 G irradiation are achieved. Moreover, the modules exhibit high operational stability, i.e., they retain >92% of their initial efficiencies after 200 h of continuous operation.
气相沉积是一种用于大规模生产钙钛矿太阳能电池的很有前景的技术。然而，基于气相沉积钙钛矿的太阳能电池和组件的效率明显低于采用溶液法制造的电池和组件。新出现的证据表明，由于特定的自上而下的结晶机制，在气相沉积过程中会产生大量缺陷。在此，本文提出了一种结合溶剂辅助重结晶的混合气相沉积方法，用于制备具有低缺陷密度的高质量大面积钙钛矿薄膜。结果表明，可以在晶界处形成中间相，从而诱导小晶粒二次生长为大晶粒。因此，制备出了晶界和缺陷密度大幅降低的钙钛矿薄膜。温度依赖的电荷载流子动力学结果表明，该方法成功地抑制了所有复合反应。在AM 1.5 G光照下，小面积（0.16 cm²）电池的冠军效率达到21.9%，大面积（10.0 cm²）太阳能组件的冠军效率达到19.9%。此外，这些组件表现出高运行稳定性，即在连续运行200小时后仍保持其初始效率的92%以上。
