Blank-Stein Nelli, Mass Elvira
Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Eur J Immunol. 2023 Oct;53(10):e2250233. doi: 10.1002/eji.202250233. Epub 2023 Sep 3.
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Despite extensive efforts in stroke research, the only pharmacological treatment currently available is arterial recanalization, which has limited efficacy only in the acute phase of stroke. The neuroinflammatory response to stroke is believed to provide a wider time window than recanalization and has therefore been proposed as an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular responses of distinct macrophage populations following stroke, which may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Specifically, we discuss the role of local responders in neuroinflammation, including the well-studied microglia as well as the emerging players, border-associated macrophages, and macrophages originating from the skull bone marrow. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of monocytes stemming from distant tissues such as the bone marrow and spleen. Finally, we highlight aging as a crucial factor modulating the immune response, which is often neglected in animal studies.
缺血性中风是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因。尽管在中风研究方面付出了巨大努力，但目前唯一可用的药物治疗是动脉再通，而这仅在中风急性期疗效有限。人们认为，对中风的神经炎症反应比再通提供了更宽的时间窗，因此已被提议作为一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们概述了近期在理解中风后不同巨噬细胞群体的细胞和分子反应方面取得的进展，这可能为治疗干预提供潜在靶点。具体而言，我们讨论了局部反应细胞在神经炎症中的作用，包括研究充分的小胶质细胞以及新出现的参与者，即边界相关巨噬细胞和源自颅骨骨髓的巨噬细胞。此外，我们关注源自骨髓和脾脏等远处组织的单核细胞的行为。最后，我们强调衰老作为调节免疫反应的关键因素，而这在动物研究中常常被忽视。
