Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.
Health Rep. 2023 Jul 19;34(7):3-18. doi: 10.25318/82-003-x202300700001-eng.
Prevalence of loneliness among Canadians has become an important concern because of its wider consequences on health and well-being. However, there are limited Canadian studies about loneliness disaggregated by gender and across various subgroups of older Canadians, particularly immigrant subgroups.
Data from the Canadian Health Survey on Seniors (CHSS) - 2019/2020 were used to estimate the prevalence of loneliness among older Canadians in a nationally representative sample of 38,941 Canadians aged 65 and older. The association between immigrant status and loneliness was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics. Analyses were conducted for men and women combined and separately.
In 2019/2020, an estimated 1.1 million older Canadians (19.2%) experienced loneliness, with women having significantly higher likelihood of being lonely than men. Among men, both European and non-European immigrants were more likely to experience loneliness than the Canadian-born population. Among women, the likelihood of loneliness was higher among European immigrants than among those born in Canada. For both men and women, immigrants who migrated as adults (from ages 18 to 44) and long-term immigrants (20 years or more in Canada since immigration) were at higher risk of loneliness than the Canadian-born population. The likelihood of being lonely was higher among people living with multimorbidity or experiencing barriers to social participation.
The findings underscore the importance of considering immigrant subgroups and gender in examining loneliness among older Canadians and when developing policies and programs to address loneliness.
由于孤独对健康和幸福感的广泛影响，加拿大孤独感的普遍程度已成为一个重要关注点。然而，加拿大关于孤独感的研究，按性别和各老年加拿大人亚组（尤其是移民亚组）细分的研究有限。
使用 2019/2020 年加拿大老年人健康调查（CHSS）的数据，在一个有代表性的 38941 名 65 岁及以上的加拿大人的全国性样本中，估计了老年加拿大人孤独感的流行率。使用多变量逻辑回归，根据人口统计学、社会经济和健康特征调整，评估了移民身份与孤独感之间的关系。对男性和女性进行了综合和单独分析。
在 2019/2020 年，估计有 110 万加拿大老年人（19.2%）感到孤独，女性感到孤独的可能性明显高于男性。在男性中，欧洲和非欧洲移民比加拿大出生的人更有可能感到孤独。在女性中，欧洲移民比加拿大出生的人更有可能感到孤独。对于男性和女性来说，成年移民（18 至 44 岁）和长期移民（移民后在加拿大生活 20 年或以上）的移民比加拿大出生的人更容易感到孤独。患有多种疾病或社会参与障碍的人更有可能感到孤独。
这些发现强调了在研究加拿大老年人孤独感时，考虑移民亚组和性别以及在制定解决孤独感的政策和方案时的重要性。
