Richman J A, Flaherty J A
J Stud Alcohol. 1986 Jul;47(4):283-9. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1986.47.283.
Societal changes in sex roles have led to an increased interest in the comparative drinking behaviors of men and women and in their psychosocial antecedents. The differential prevalence and psychosocial correlates of alcohol consumption in a cohort of 107 men and 46 women first-year medical students are addressed. Self-report questionnaires assessed quantity, frequency and variability in the consumption of beer, wine and distilled spirits; early parent-child relationships; internal-external locus of control; interpersonal dependency; social supports; and depressive symptomatology. From analyses of variance, the data show that the men consume beer more frequently and in greater quantities. The sexes do not differ in the consumption of wine or distilled spirits. In addition, several psychosocial variables relate to drinking patterns in opposite directions for men and women. Heavier drinking among women is significantly associated with perceived childhood parental warmth and low depressive symptomatology. The opposite is true for men, although these relationships are much weaker. Future research should address sex differences in the symbolic meaning and implications of alcohol use in different socioeconomic and occupational groups.
性别角色的社会变化使得人们对男性和女性的饮酒行为比较及其心理社会成因越来越感兴趣。本文探讨了107名男性和46名女性一年级医学生队列中酒精消费的差异患病率及其心理社会相关性。通过自我报告问卷评估了啤酒、葡萄酒和蒸馏酒消费的数量、频率和变异性；早期亲子关系；内控-外控 locus；人际依赖；社会支持；以及抑郁症状。方差分析数据表明，男性更频繁、大量地饮用啤酒。男女在葡萄酒或蒸馏酒的消费上没有差异。此外，几个心理社会变量与男性和女性的饮酒模式呈相反方向的关联。女性饮酒量较大与感知到的童年父母温暖和低抑郁症状显著相关。男性则相反，尽管这些关系要弱得多。未来的研究应探讨不同社会经济和职业群体中酒精使用的象征意义和影响方面的性别差异。
