Bacterial biomarkers: new aspects of colorectal tumors diagnosis: reality or fantasy.

As one of the most common cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as a significant leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gut microbiota is part of a complex microbial-based ecosystem in the human body so that changes in the microbiota could lead to a variety of diseases. A growing number of studies have shown that bacteria are both individually and collectively involved in the progression of CRC. The present review study provided a summary of some of the available data on the advantages and limitations of current CRC screening methods as well as gut biomarkers including genetic, epigenetic, and protein markers. Moreover, a summary of the applications and limitations in the detection of gut microbiota markers as well as their role in early diagnosis and timely treatment response in CRC patients was provided.