School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China.
Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2023 Jul 22;381(5):24. doi: 10.1007/s41061-023-00434-9.
Metal-based catalysts, encompassing both homogeneous and heterogeneous types, play a vital role in the modern chemical industry. Heterogeneous metal-based catalysts usually possess more varied catalytically active centers than homogeneous catalysts, making it challenging to regulate their catalytic performance. In contrast, homogeneous catalysts have defined active-site structures, and their performance can be easily adjusted by modifying the ligand. These characteristics lead to remarkable conceptual and technical differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. As a recently emerging class of catalytic material, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have become one of the most active new frontiers in the catalysis field and show great potential to bridge homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. This review documents a brief introduction to SACs and their role in a range of reactions involving single-atom catalysis. To fully understand process-structure-property relationships of single-atom catalysis in chemical reactions, active sites or coordination structure and performance regulation strategies (e.g., tuning chemical and physical environment of single atoms) of SACs are comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the application limitations, development trends and future challenges of single-atom catalysis and present a perspective on further constructing a highly efficient (e.g., activity, selectivity and stability), single-atom catalytic system for a broader scope of reactions.
金属基催化剂，包括均相和多相类型，在现代化学工业中起着至关重要的作用。多相金属基催化剂通常比均相催化剂具有更多种类的催化活性中心，因此难以调节其催化性能。相比之下，均相催化剂具有明确的活性位结构，通过修饰配体可以轻松调整其性能。这些特性导致均相和多相催化剂之间存在显著的概念和技术差异。作为一种新兴的催化材料，单原子催化剂 (SACs) 已成为催化领域最活跃的新前沿之一，有望架起均相和多相催化过程之间的桥梁。本综述简要介绍了 SACs 及其在涉及单原子催化的一系列反应中的作用。为了全面理解化学反应中单原子催化的过程-结构-性能关系，我们全面总结了 SACs 的活性位或配位结构和性能调控策略（例如，调节单原子的化学和物理环境）。此外，我们讨论了单原子催化的应用局限性、发展趋势和未来挑战，并对进一步构建更广泛反应范围的高效（例如，活性、选择性和稳定性）单原子催化体系提出了展望。
