Tiwari Lalit Dev, Kurtz-Sohn Ayelet, Bdolach Eyal, Fridman Eyal
Plant Sciences institute, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
J Exp Bot. 2023 Sep 29;74(18):5431-5440. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad283.
Diversification and breeding following domestication and under current climate change across the globe are the two most significant evolutionary events experienced by major crops. Diversification of crops from their wild ancestors has favored dramatic changes in the sensitivity of the plants to the environment, particularly significantly in transducing light inputs to the circadian clock, which has allowed the growth of major crops in the relatively short growing season experienced in the Northern Hemisphere. Historically, mutants and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have facilitated the identification and the cloning of genes that underlie major changes of the clock and the regulation of flowering. Recent studies have suggested that the thermal plasticity of the circadian clock output, and not just the core genes that follow temperature compensation, has also been under selection during diversification and breeding. Wild alleles that accelerate output rhythmicity could be beneficial for crop resilience. Furthermore, wild alleles with beneficial and flowering-independent effects under stress indicate their possible role in maintaining a balanced source-sink relationship, thereby allowing productivity under climatic change. Because the chloroplast genome also regulates the plasticity of the clock output, mapping populations including cytonuclear interactions should be utilized within an integrated field and clock phenomics framework. In this review, we highlight the need to integrate physiological and developmental approaches (physio-devo) to gain a better understanding when re-domesticating wild gene alleles into modern cultivars to increase their robustness under abiotic heat and drought stresses.
驯化后的多样化以及当前全球气候变化下的育种，是主要作物经历的两个最重要的进化事件。作物从其野生祖先的多样化有利于植物对环境敏感性的显著变化，特别是在将光输入转化为生物钟方面，这使得主要作物能够在北半球相对较短的生长季节中生长。从历史上看，突变体和数量性状基因座（QTL）的定位有助于识别和克隆构成生物钟主要变化和开花调控基础的基因。最近的研究表明，生物钟输出的热可塑性，而不仅仅是遵循温度补偿的核心基因，在多样化和育种过程中也受到了选择。加速输出节律的野生等位基因可能有利于作物的恢复力。此外，在胁迫下具有有益且与开花无关作用的野生等位基因表明它们在维持平衡的源库关系中可能发挥的作用，从而在气候变化下实现生产力。由于叶绿体基因组也调节生物钟输出的可塑性，应在综合的田间和生物钟表型组学框架内利用包括细胞核与细胞质相互作用的定位群体。在这篇综述中，我们强调需要整合生理和发育方法（生理 - 发育），以便在将野生基因等位基因重新驯化到现代品种中以提高其在非生物热和干旱胁迫下的稳健性时能有更好的理解。
