Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2023 Oct 3;15(10):a041397. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041397.
The sorting and trafficking of lipids between organelles gives rise to a dichotomy of bulk membrane properties between organelles of the secretory and endolysosome networks, giving rise to two "membrane territories" based on differences in lipid-packing density, net membrane charge, and bilayer leaflet asymmetries. The cellular organelle membrane dichotomy emerges from ER-to-PM anterograde membrane trafficking and the synthesis of sphingolipids and cholesterol flux at the -Golgi network, which constitutes the interface between the two membrane territories. Organelle homeostasis is maintained by vesicle-mediated retrieval of bulk membrane from the distal organelles of each territory to the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane and by soluble lipid transfer proteins that traffic particular lipids. The concept of cellular membrane territories emphasizes the contrasting features of organelle membranes of the secretory and endolysosome networks and the essential roles of lipid-sorting pathways that maintain organelle function.
细胞器之间的脂质分拣和运输导致分泌和内体网络细胞器之间的大块膜性质出现二分法，形成了基于脂质堆积密度、净膜电荷和双层叶状不对称性差异的两个“膜区域”。细胞细胞器膜二分法源于 ER 到 PM 的顺行膜运输以及在 -高尔基网络处合成鞘脂和胆固醇流，这构成了两个膜区域的界面。通过囊泡从每个区域的远端细胞器向内质网或质膜回收大块膜，以及通过运输特定脂质的可溶性脂质转移蛋白，来维持细胞器的稳态。细胞膜区域的概念强调了分泌和内体网络细胞器膜的对比特征，以及维持细胞器功能的脂质分拣途径的重要作用。
