Centro de Salud de Llanera. Asturias, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría, Spain.
Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz, Departamento de Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura, Asociación Española de Vacunología, Spain.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2023 Aug;99(2):122-128. doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.07.004. Epub 2023 Jul 22.
We present the consensus document on the immunization schedule for adolescents developed by 3 scientific societies: the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), through its Advisory Committee on Vaccines (CAV-AEP), the Spanish Society of Adolescent Medicine (SEMA) and the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV). There are particularities in infectious disease during adolescence, such as an increased susceptibility to pertussis, poorer outcomes of chickenpox, mumps and hepatitis A, a high incidence of sexually transmitted infections or increased prevalence of meningococcal carriage. The document analyses the schedule for adolescents in the context of vaccination policy overall. It contemplates the vaccines to be included in the immunization schedule for healthy adolescents: against invasive meningococcal disease (tetravalent ACWY and B), against human papillomavirus (which should be gender-neutral), against pertussis, against influenza and against SARS-CoV-2 (in unvaccinated individuals and at-risk groups). It is worth noting that the 4CMenB vaccine appears to confer some protection against gonococcal infection, which would be a considerable added value for adolescents. The vaccination of adolescents belonging to risk groups or travelling abroad also needs to be contemplated, as is the case in any other age group. Vaccination against hepatitis A, which is included in the routine immunization schedule of Catalonia, Ceuta and Melilla from the second year of life, should also be considered a priority in adolescents traveling to endemic areas.
我们提出了由 3 个科学学会制定的青少年免疫计划共识文件：西班牙儿科学会（AEP），通过其疫苗咨询委员会（CAV-AEP）、西班牙青少年医学学会（SEMA）和西班牙疫苗学协会（AEV）。青少年时期的传染病有一些特殊性，例如对百日咳的易感性增加，水痘、腮腺炎和甲型肝炎的结局较差，性传播感染的发病率较高或脑膜炎奈瑟菌携带率增加。该文件从整体疫苗接种政策的角度分析了青少年的免疫计划。它考虑了要包含在健康青少年免疫计划中的疫苗：针对侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（四价 ACWY 和 B）、人乳头瘤病毒（应具有性别中性）、百日咳、流感和 SARS-CoV-2（未接种疫苗的个体和高危人群）。值得注意的是，4CMenB 疫苗似乎对淋病感染有一定的保护作用，这对青少年来说是一个相当大的附加值。还需要考虑属于高危人群或出国旅行的青少年的疫苗接种，就像任何其他年龄组一样。对于前往流行地区的青少年，也应优先考虑接种甲型肝炎疫苗，该疫苗已包含在加泰罗尼亚、休达和梅利利亚从出生第二年开始的常规免疫计划中。
