Maharjung Nursing Campus, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
TU Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2023 Jul 20;20(4):846-851. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i4.4028.
Child birth related fear and low self-efficacy for child birth found common among primiparous women. Antenatal group psycho-educational interventions have been used as important strategies to address child birth fear and self-efficacy. Thus, this study aimed to find out the status of child birth fear among antenatal women and effect of group psycho-educational interventions among primiparous women.
One group pretest-posttest design was adopted. Total 307 primigravida women attending antenatal outpatient department of two hospitals within Kathmandu valley were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected from March to July 2020. Child birth fear was assessed by using validated tool i.e.Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) and Child birth self-efficacy was assessed by using childbirth self- efficacy tool. Primigravida women with moderate level of child-birth fear, were intervened for group psycho-education based on PRIME Model by nurses who were research team members. Paired t-test was used to compare differences in mean scores on child birth fear and child birth self-efficacy before and after intervention.
Moderate level of child birth fear was found among 24.8% of participants. Low child-birth self-efficacy was found among 42.0% participants. The overall mean score before providing group psycho-educational interventions to experimental group on child-birth fear was 54.0±2.09 and on child birth self-efficacy was 78.0±28.64 with p<0.001 and after providing group psycho-educational interventions child-birth fear was reduced to 47.8±2.44 and child birth self-efficacy was 105.2±19.6 with p<0.001.
Group psycho-educational interventions based on PRIME approach led by nurses have significant effects in reducing child-birth fear and increasing child-birth self-efficacy. Therefore, provision of group psycho-educational interventions along with routine antenatal service need to be considered in clinical settings in Nepalese context.
初产妇中普遍存在分娩相关恐惧和分娩自我效能感低的问题。产前群体心理教育干预已被用作解决分娩恐惧和自我效能感的重要策略。因此，本研究旨在了解产前妇女分娩恐惧的现状，并评估群体心理教育干预对初产妇的影响。
采用单组前后测设计。通过目的性抽样技术，从加德满都谷地的两家医院的产前门诊选择了 307 名初产妇。数据收集于 2020 年 3 月至 7 月进行。使用经过验证的 Wijma 分娩期望/体验问卷（W-DEQ）评估分娩恐惧，使用分娩自我效能工具评估分娩自我效能。对具有中度分娩恐惧的初产妇，由研究团队成员的护士进行基于 PRIME 模型的群体心理教育干预。采用配对 t 检验比较干预前后分娩恐惧和分娩自我效能的平均得分差异。
研究发现，24.8%的参与者存在中度分娩恐惧，42.0%的参与者存在低分娩自我效能。在向实验组提供群体心理教育干预之前，对分娩恐惧的总体平均得分为 54.0±2.09，对分娩自我效能的平均得分为 78.0±28.64，p<0.001。在提供群体心理教育干预后，分娩恐惧降低至 47.8±2.44，分娩自我效能提高至 105.2±19.6，p<0.001。
由护士主导的基于 PRIME 方法的群体心理教育干预对降低分娩恐惧和提高分娩自我效能具有显著效果。因此，在尼泊尔的临床环境中，需要考虑在常规产前服务中提供群体心理教育干预。
