Department of Periodontics, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Attarkhel, Nepal.
Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Dentistry, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2023 Jul 20;20(4):962-966. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i4.4363.
The administration of several classes of drugs; anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers can cause gingival enlargement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of gingival enlargement in patients taking calcium channel blocker drug amlodipine.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients who visited the dental hospital at Nepal Medical College between November 2021 to April 2022. Using the Bokenkamp and Bornhorst Index, the patients who had been on amlodipine for at least three months were examined for gingival enlargement. Along with gingival and plaque index, medication dosage and duration were also assessed.
The prevalence of gingival enlargement was 37%. Grade 1 gingival enlargement was present in 18% while grade 3 was seen in only 2%. Both individuals taking amlodipine alone and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs showed the same level of gingival enlargement. The dose and duration of amlodipine ingestion showed a significant correlation with the enlargement. The gingival and plaque index also showed a strong correlation with overgrowth.
The physicians prescribing amlodipine should well inform the patients about the potential side effects. In such cases, the maintenance of oral hygiene should be prioritized from the beginning. In severe cases, substitution of the drugs followed by oral therapeutic measures should be considered for complete regression.
几类药物的使用——抗惊厥药、免疫抑制剂和钙通道阻滞剂，都可能导致牙龈增生。本研究旨在评估服用钙通道阻滞剂氨氯地平的患者中牙龈增生的频率和严重程度。
这是一项 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 4 月在尼泊尔医学院牙科医院就诊的 250 名患者的描述性横断面研究。使用 Bokenkamp 和 Bornhorst 指数，对服用氨氯地平至少三个月的患者进行牙龈增生检查。同时还评估了牙龈和菌斑指数、药物剂量和持续时间。
牙龈增生的患病率为 37%。18%的患者为 1 级牙龈增生，只有 2%的患者为 3 级。单独服用氨氯地平和与其他降压药联合使用的患者都有相同程度的牙龈增生。氨氯地平的剂量和持续时间与增生有显著相关性。牙龈和菌斑指数与过度生长也有很强的相关性。
开具氨氯地平的医生应充分告知患者潜在的副作用。在这种情况下，应从一开始就优先保持口腔卫生。在严重的情况下，应考虑更换药物，并采取口腔治疗措施，以实现完全消退。
