Access to Advanced Health Institute (formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute), Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Access to Advanced Health Institute (formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute), Seattle, WA, USA.
Toxicon. 2023 Aug 15;232:107229. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107229. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Enhancement of antivenom immune responses in horses through adjuvant technology improves antivenom production efficiency, but substantial local reactogenicity associated with some traditional veterinary adjuvants limits their usability. To explore modern adjuvant systems suitable for generating antivenom responses in horses, we first assessed their physicochemical compatibility with Bothrops asper snake venom. Liposome and nanoparticle aluminum adjuvants exhibited changes in particle size and phospholipid content after mixing with venom, whereas squalene emulsion-based adjuvants remained stable. Next, we evaluated serum antibody response magnitude and neutralization capacity in horses immunized with adjuvant-containing Echis ocellatus, Bitis arietans, Naja nigricollis, and Dendroaspis polylepis venom preparations. Whereas all tested adjuvants elicited significant neutralization capacity against the viperid venoms, the greatest antibody responses were generated by a squalene-in-water emulsion, thus representing a promising novel alternative for antivenom production.
通过佐剂技术增强马的抗蛇毒免疫反应可提高抗蛇毒血清的生产效率，但一些传统兽医佐剂会引起严重的局部不良反应，限制了它们的应用。为了探索适合马产生抗蛇毒血清反应的新型佐剂系统，我们首先评估了它们与矛头蝮蛇蛇毒的物理化学相容性。脂质体和纳米颗粒铝佐剂与毒液混合后粒径和磷脂含量发生变化，而角鲨烯乳剂佐剂则保持稳定。接下来，我们评估了含有佐剂的圆斑蝰蛇、矛头蝮蛇、眼镜蛇和绿树蟒蛇毒制剂免疫马的血清抗体反应幅度和中和能力。所有测试的佐剂均能显著中和蝰蛇蛇毒，但水包油型角鲨烯乳剂产生的抗体反应最大，因此代表了一种有前途的新型抗蛇毒血清生产替代方案。
