Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Montreal (CHUV), St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2023 Sep-Oct;37(5):1806-1814. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16819. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
Pseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.
Describe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.
Twenty-six cats with PMC.
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.
All cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6-9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty-two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow-up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow-up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.
Pseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease-positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.
猫的假膜性膀胱炎（PMC）是一种已被认识的疾病，但并发矿化的报道很少，其结局描述得也很差。
描述一个患有 PMC 的猫群，并描述其并发矿化的流行情况。
26 只患有 PMC 的猫。
回顾性审查病历（2016 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月）。纳入经超声诊断为 PMC 的猫。回顾临床病理结果、影像学、治疗和结局。
所有猫均为雄性，21 只（80%）患有尿道梗阻（UO）。5 只猫（23.8%）的尿液培养阳性（5/5 为葡萄球菌感染，2/5 为奇异变形杆菌感染），尿液 pH 值中位数为 8（范围，6-9）。所有猫的超声检查均显示有矿化的变化。在超声检查中，10 只猫（38.5%）有伪膜，伴有提示矿化的声影，15 只猫（57.7%）有溃疡改变，8 只猫（31%）有脐尿管异常改变。22 只猫接受了药物治疗，4 只猫接受了手术（3 只经皮膀胱结石切除术，1 只膀胱切开术）。20 只猫（77%）存活至出院。随访超声检查显示 6/7 只猫的 PMC 得到缓解，4 只猫的膀胱内层持续呈高回声。12 只猫中有 5 只在随访时有下尿路症状复发。
PMC 主要诊断于有 UO 的雄性猫，所有病例的影像学检查均提示有矿化。频繁的阴性尿液培养提示病因与与产脲酶阳性细菌有关的包囊膀胱炎不同。通过药物治疗可以获得良好的结局。
