Hunt G J, Leonard D R, Lovett M B
Sci Total Environ. 1986 Aug;53(1-2):89-109. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(86)90094-x.
Data on gut transfer factors for environmental forms of radionuclides are essential for estimates of public radiation exposures following ingestion, and thus in decisions on controlling waste discharges. Dose estimates for transuranic nuclides are particularly sensitive to uncertainties stemming from gut transfer data being related to non-environmental forms and/or derived from animal experiments. We have measured human gut transfer factors for plutonium and americium in two experiments using marine foods obtained near Sellafield, Cumbria. Firstly, the urine of volunteer members of the critical group of shellfish consumers was analysed for transuranics and the results related to their consumption rates. Secondly, remotely-based volunteers ate single quantities of shellfish obtained near Sellafield, and their urine was analysed. An overall result for the gut transfer factor for environmental plutonium of 0.8 X 10(-4) indicates no need to increase the value of 1 X 10(-4), currently used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for soluble forms. Results for americium show that the ICRP value of 5 X 10(-4) is maximising, and that a value of 1 X 10(-4) would be supportable. The results from the study of critical group members provide confidence in our habits survey techniques and reassurance that there are no significant pathways for intake of transuranics by these people that have not been recognised.
有关环境中放射性核素肠道转移因子的数据，对于估算摄入后公众的辐射暴露至关重要，因此对于控制废物排放的决策也很关键。超铀核素的剂量估算对不确定性特别敏感，这些不确定性源于与非环境形式相关的肠道转移数据和/或来自动物实验的数据。我们在两项实验中测量了钚和镅的人体肠道转移因子，实验使用了在坎布里亚郡塞拉菲尔德附近获取的海产品。首先，分析了贝类消费者关键人群中志愿者成员的尿液中的超铀元素，并将结果与其消费率相关联。其次，远程参与的志愿者食用了在塞拉菲尔德附近获取的单份贝类，然后对他们的尿液进行了分析。环境钚肠道转移因子的总体结果为0.8×10⁻⁴，这表明无需提高国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）目前用于可溶形式的1×10⁻⁴这一数值。镅的结果表明，ICRP的5×10⁻⁴这一数值是最大化的，而1×10⁻⁴这一数值是可以支持的。对关键人群成员的研究结果使我们对习惯调查技术有信心，并放心这些人不存在未被认识到的摄入超铀元素的重要途径。
