Strabismus Research Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USAdeceased.
US Naval Hospital Oakland, CA, USAretired.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jul 1;102(S1):e32371. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032371.
The development of Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) began in the 1970s as Dr. Scott was attempting to identify an injectable substance that would weaken the extraocular eye muscles in patients with strabismus as an alternative to muscle surgery. This search led to botulinum toxin type A, which was tested and developed over the next 15 years. As botulinum toxin type A moved from an experimental drug to a product in need of licensing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the first manufacturing methods and quality control procedures were developed for Oculinum, the botulinum toxin type A product that would eventually be sold to Allergan and become known as Botox.
肉毒杆菌素（保妥适，onabotulinumtoxinA）的开发始于 20 世纪 70 年代，当时斯科特博士试图寻找一种可注射的物质，以替代肌肉手术，来弱化斜视患者的眼外肌。这一研究导致了 A 型肉毒毒素的发现，随后在接下来的 15 年里对其进行了测试和开发。随着 A 型肉毒毒素从实验性药物发展为需要食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的产品，奥克利努姆（Oculinum）的首批制造方法和质量控制程序得以开发，这是 A 型肉毒毒素产品，最终将出售给艾尔建（Allergan）并以保妥适（Botox）闻名于世。
