Lloyd Alex, Viding Essi, McKay Ryan, Furl Nicholas
Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2023 Nov;27(11):1085-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.004. Epub 2023 Jul 25.
Patch foraging is a near-ubiquitous behaviour across the animal kingdom and characterises many decision-making domains encountered by humans. We review how a disposition to explore in adolescence may reflect the evolutionary conditions under which hunter-gatherers foraged for resources. We propose that neurocomputational mechanisms responsible for reward processing, learning, and cognitive control facilitate the transition from exploratory strategies in adolescence to exploitative strategies in adulthood - where individuals capitalise on known resources. This developmental transition may be disrupted by psychopathology, as there is emerging evidence of biases in explore/exploit choices in mental health problems. Explore/exploit choices may be an informative marker for mental health across development and future research should consider this feature of decision-making as a target for clinical intervention.
斑块觅食是动物界几乎普遍存在的行为，也是人类遇到的许多决策领域的特征。我们回顾了青少年时期的探索倾向如何反映狩猎采集者觅食资源时的进化条件。我们提出，负责奖励处理、学习和认知控制的神经计算机制有助于从青少年时期的探索策略向成年时期的利用策略转变，即个体利用已知资源。这种发育转变可能会因精神病理学而中断，因为有新证据表明心理健康问题中探索/利用选择存在偏差。探索/利用选择可能是整个发育过程中心理健康的一个信息性标志，未来的研究应将这种决策特征视为临床干预的目标。
