Shekhtman Louis Michael, Barabási Albert-László
Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 27;13(1):12157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38815-1.
A significant portion of funding for art comes from foundations, representing a key revenue stream for most art organizations. Little is known, however, about the quantitative patterns that govern art funding, limiting the fundraising efficiency of organizations in need of resources, as well as optimal funding allocation of donors. To address these shortcomings, here we relied on the IRS e-file dataset to identify $36B in grants from 46,643 foundations to 48,766 art recipients between 2010 and 2019, allowing us to quantify donor-recipient relationships in art. We find that philanthropic giving is broadly distributed, following a stable power-law distribution, indicating that some funders give considerably and predictably more than others. Giving is highly localized, with 60% of grants and funds going to recipients in the donor's state. Furthermore, donors often support multiple local organizations that offer distinct artforms, rather than advancing a particular subarea within art. Donor retention is strong, with nearly 70% of relationships continuing the next year. Finally, we explored the role of institutional prestige in foundation giving, finding that funding does correlate with prestige, with notable exceptions. Our results present the largest and most comprehensive data-driven exploration of giving by foundations to art to date, unveiling multiple insights that could benefit both donors and recipients.
艺术领域的一大笔资金来自基金会，这是大多数艺术组织的关键收入来源。然而，对于支配艺术资金的量化模式却知之甚少，这限制了急需资源的组织的筹款效率，以及捐赠者的最优资金分配。为了弥补这些不足，我们在此借助美国国税局的电子申报数据集，确定了2010年至2019年间46,643家基金会向48,766个艺术受赠方提供的360亿美元赠款，从而使我们能够量化艺术领域捐赠者与受赠方之间的关系。我们发现，慈善捐赠分布广泛，遵循稳定的幂律分布，这表明一些资助者的捐赠比其他资助者多得多且可预测。捐赠高度集中，60%的赠款和资金流向了捐赠者所在州的受赠方。此外，捐赠者通常会支持多个提供不同艺术形式的当地组织，而不是推动艺术领域内的某个特定子领域。捐赠者留存率很高，近70%的关系会持续到下一年。最后，我们探讨了机构声望在基金会捐赠中的作用，发现资金确实与声望相关，但也有明显例外。我们的研究结果展示了迄今为止对基金会向艺术领域捐赠进行的规模最大、最全面的数据驱动型探索，揭示了多个可能使捐赠者和受赠方都受益的见解。
