González-Rodríguez Alexandre, Natividad Mentxu, Seeman Mary V, Paolini Jennipher Paola, Balagué Ariadna, Román Eloïsa, Izquierdo Eduard, Pérez Anabel, Vallet Anna, Salvador Mireia, Monreal José Antonio
Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, Fundació Docència I Recerca Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona (UB), 5 Dr. Robert Square, 08221 Terrassa, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 08221 Terrassa, Spain.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jul 12;13(7):581. doi: 10.3390/bs13070581.
Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune/inflammatory pathways that differ between men and women, their influence is often sex-specific. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the literature on social risk factors as they affect women with schizophrenia. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to May 2023 using terms referring to the various social determinants of health in conjunction with "women" and with "schizophrenia". A total of 57 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the domains of childhood and adult abuse or trauma, victimization, stigma, housing, and socioeconomics, women with schizophrenia showed greater probability than their male peers of suffering negative consequences. Interventions targeting appropriate housing, income support, social and parenting support, protection from abuse, violence, and mothering-directed stigma have, to different degrees, yielded success in reducing stress levels and alleviating the many burdens of schizophrenia in women.
社会风险因素是儿童期和青少年期长期或反复接触的环境因素，会改变大脑，并且可能通过表观遗传效应改变基因表达。因此，它们有引发或加重精神障碍的能力。由于这些影响可通过男性和女性不同的激素或免疫/炎症途径介导，其影响往往具有性别特异性。本叙述性综述的目的是探讨关于社会风险因素对精神分裂症女性影响的文献。我们在2000年至2023年5月期间检索了PubMed和Scopus数据库，使用了与各种健康社会决定因素相关的术语，并结合了“女性”和“精神分裂症”。共有57项研究符合纳入标准。在童年期和成年期虐待或创伤、受害、耻辱感、住房和社会经济等领域，精神分裂症女性比男性同伴遭受负面后果的可能性更大。针对适当住房、收入支持、社会和育儿支持、免受虐待、暴力以及针对母亲的耻辱感的干预措施，在不同程度上成功降低了压力水平，减轻了精神分裂症女性的诸多负担。
