Facultad de Economía, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Facultad de Economía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 29;20(3):2405. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032405.
Severe housing deprivation rates in Spain have tripled in just four years, affecting 3.4% of the population in 2020, with a higher incidence among the low-income population (9.2%). Despite the social aspect of the problem, minimal research has been carried out in Spain on the effects that the various forms of housing deprivation have on health. This study analyzes the impact of housing deprivation on health outcomes, with the objective of achieving results that facilitate the creation of improved public policies. Microdata are used from the Living Conditions Survey carried out by the National Institute of Statistics for the period 2009-2019, and several multilevel logistic regression models are presented to control for possible regional differences. The results show that the elements with the greatest effect on objective health are noise, leaks and harmful temperatures in housing. In addition, environmental factors, such as pollution, neighborhood crime and the number of units in a given apartment building, can be added to the list. As a result, we conclude that there are certain structural and environmental elements in housing and the environment in which is located that have a more intense impact on objective health and on the subjective perception of a person's state of health.
西班牙严重的住房贫困率在短短四年内翻了三倍，2020 年影响了 3.4%的人口，低收入人群（9.2%）的发病率更高。尽管这个问题具有社会层面的性质，但西班牙对各种形式的住房贫困对健康的影响几乎没有进行研究。本研究分析了住房贫困对健康结果的影响，旨在得出有助于制定更好的公共政策的结果。本研究使用了国家统计局在 2009-2019 年期间进行的生活条件调查的微观数据，并提出了几个多层次逻辑回归模型来控制可能的地区差异。结果表明，对客观健康影响最大的因素是住房中的噪音、渗漏和有害温度。此外，还可以将环境因素（如污染、邻里犯罪和给定公寓楼的单元数量）添加到列表中。因此，我们得出结论，住房和居住环境中存在某些结构和环境因素，对客观健康和个人健康状况的主观感知有更强烈的影响。
