Atanasovska Ivana, Momcilovic Dejan, Lazovic Tatjana, Marinkovic Aleksandar, Soldat Natasa
Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute for Testing of Materials IMS, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2023 Jul 12;8(3):308. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8030308.
During the last few decades, the requirements for modern machine elements in terms of size reduction, increasing the energy efficiency, and a higher load capacity of standard and non-standard gears have been very prevalent issues. Within these demands, the main goals are the optimization of the gears' tooth profiles, as well as the investigation of new tooth profile designs. The presented design idea is based on the optimal solutions inspired by nature. Special attention is paid to the new design of the tooth root zones of spur gears in order to decrease the stress concentration values and increase the tooth root fatigue resistance. The finite element method is used for stress and strain state calculations, and the particular gear pair is modeled and optimized for these purposes. For tooth root strength analysis, the estimations are based on the theory of critical distances and the stress gradients obtained through finite element analysis. The obtained stress gradients have shown important improvements in the stress distribution in the transition zone optimized by biomimetics. An analysis of the material variation influence is also performed. Based on the investigations of a particular gear pair, a significant stress reduction of about 7% for steel gears and about 10.3% for cast iron gears is obtained for tooth roots optimized by bio-inspired design.
在过去几十年里，现代机械元件在尺寸减小、提高能源效率以及标准和非标准齿轮更高承载能力方面的要求一直是非常普遍的问题。在这些需求中，主要目标是优化齿轮的齿形，以及研究新的齿形设计。所提出的设计理念基于受自然启发的最优解决方案。特别关注圆柱齿轮齿根区域的新设计，以降低应力集中值并提高齿根疲劳抗力。有限元方法用于应力和应变状态计算，并且为此对特定齿轮副进行建模和优化。对于齿根强度分析，估计基于临界距离理论和通过有限元分析获得的应力梯度。所获得的应力梯度表明，通过仿生优化的过渡区应力分布有了重要改善。还进行了材料变化影响分析。基于对特定齿轮副的研究，通过仿生设计优化的齿根，钢制齿轮的应力显著降低约7%，铸铁齿轮的应力显著降低约10.3%。
