Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacogénétique, Toxicologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Clinique de Médecine Légale, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
Harm Reduct J. 2023 Jul 28;20(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12954-023-00836-4.
3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) has been available on the European drug market for several years, but an increase in its availability seems to have occurred around 2020, associated with reports of harm and death. We aimed to analyze the composition of the supposed 3-MMC samples purchased and its concordance with the assumed composition of the drug.
A prospective multicenter (n = 6) study was conducted between February 2021 and September 2021 in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The inclusion criteria were: 3-MMC users over 18 years of age in contact with a community-based organization (CBO) called AIDES. Consumption was evaluated with an anonymized questionnaire and samples of 3-MMC powder were analyzed with a combination of qualitative (GC-MS) and quantitative methods (UPLC-MS/MS), to compare the assumed and real compositions of the products purchased.
We studied 45 samples provided by 33 users. The study population was predominantly male (91%), with a median age of 40 years, most were university graduates and regular users of 3-MMC. Intravenous drug use was reported by 15.2% of the population. Most of the users bought their 3-MMC online via the Clear Web. Drug testing was requested by 86% of the users, highlighting the need for this type of harm reduction strategy. The purity of the 3-MMC powder samples tested ranged from 21 to 98%. Other NPS drugs, such as 4-CEC (4-chloroethcathinone), 4-MMC, and 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK), supplied as methoxphenidine (MXP), were also detected.
This prospective study shows that 3-MMC purity and dose vary considerably. It also describes the characteristics of 3-MMC users and their expectations of a drug-checking program. Our data suggest that drug-checking services may be useful in this population. Health associations and laboratories should work together to help increase access to such programs.
3-甲基甲卡西酮（3-MMC）在欧洲毒品市场上已经存在了几年，但似乎在 2020 年左右供应量有所增加，同时也出现了一些关于其危害和死亡的报告。我们旨在分析购买的疑似 3-MMC 样本的组成，并与其假定的药物组成进行比较。
这是一项于 2021 年 2 月至 2021 年 9 月在法国奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯地区进行的前瞻性多中心（n=6）研究。纳入标准为：年龄在 18 岁以上、与名为 AIDES 的社区组织有联系的 3-MMC 用户。通过匿名问卷评估消费情况，并使用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用（UPLC-MS/MS）等定性和定量方法分析 3-MMC 粉末样本，以比较购买产品的假定和实际组成。
我们研究了 33 名用户提供的 45 个样本。研究人群主要为男性（91%），中位年龄为 40 岁，大多数为大学毕业生，是 3-MMC 的常规使用者。15.2%的人群报告有静脉吸毒史。大多数使用者通过明网在网上购买 3-MMC。86%的使用者要求进行药物检测，这凸显了这种减少伤害策略的必要性。测试的 3-MMC 粉末样本纯度在 21%至 98%之间。还检测到其他新型精神活性物质药物，如 4-氯乙基卡西酮（4-CEC）、4-MMC 和 2-氟去氯甲酮（2-FDCK），作为甲氧基苯丙胺（MXP）供应。
这项前瞻性研究表明，3-MMC 的纯度和剂量差异很大。它还描述了 3-MMC 使用者的特征及其对药物检测计划的期望。我们的数据表明，药物检测服务在该人群中可能是有用的。健康协会和实验室应共同努力，帮助增加此类计划的可及性。
