Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, 010374, Romania.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2023 Jul 29;21(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12955-023-02144-8.
The majority of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) don't have population norms in Romania. This is the case with the EQ-5D as well. Therefore, we aimed to estimate population norms for the Romanian versions of the EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-3L, their indexes, and the EQ-VAS.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all regions of Romania from November 2018 to November 2019. A three-stage probability sampling procedure stratified by region and settlement size was used to select a representative sample. Interviews were computer-assisted and conducted in respondents' homes by trained interviewers. Health status was assessed with the EQ-5D-5L, the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ VAS. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate population norms by age groups and sex for the EQ-5D-5L, the EQ-5D-3L, their indexes and the EQ VAS. Population norms were weighted using survey weights. Indexes for the EQ-5D questionnaires were estimated using the recently developed Romanian value sets.
Data from 1,649 interviews was analysed in the present study. Survey weights were used so that sex and place of residence ratios for the weighted sample matched the Romanian general population distribution. Participants' mean age was 47.4 years (SE = 1.157) and 50.3% of them reported being in good health. The dimension for which people reported the highest number of problems for both questionnaires was the pain/discomfort dimension. Men aged 35 plus reported fewer problems with pain/discomfort than women for both the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L. Health decreased with age as shown by the decrease from age group 18-24 to age group 75 plus in the indexes of both questionnaires: from 0.977 (SE = 0.005) to 0.765 (SE = 0.017) for EQ-5D-5L and from 0.981 (SE = 0.005) to 0.784 (SE = 0.019) for EQ-5D-3L. There was 29.9 points drop in the EQ VAS score between the youngest and oldest group.
Population norms for the Romanian versions of the EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-3L, their indexes, and the EQ VAS are now available. These can now be used as reference values by healthcare professionals, researchers and decision-makers leading to a further development of health-related quality of life research in Romania.
大多数患者报告的结果测量（PROMs）在罗马尼亚没有群体标准。 EQ-5D 也是如此。因此，我们旨在估计罗马尼亚版本的 EQ-5D-5L、EQ-5D-3L、它们的指数以及 EQ-VAS 的群体标准。
我们于 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 11 月在罗马尼亚各地进行了一项横断面调查。使用按地区和定居点规模分层的三阶段概率抽样程序来选择代表性样本。访谈采用计算机辅助方式，由经过培训的访谈员在受访者家中进行。使用 EQ-5D-5L、EQ-5D-3L 和 EQ VAS 评估健康状况。按年龄组和性别对 EQ-5D-5L、EQ-5D-3L、它们的指数和 EQ-VAS 进行描述性统计，以估计群体标准。使用调查权重对指数进行加权。使用最近开发的罗马尼亚价值集来估计 EQ-5D 问卷的指数。
本研究分析了 1649 次访谈的数据。使用调查权重，使加权样本的性别和居住地比例与罗马尼亚的总人口分布相匹配。参与者的平均年龄为 47.4 岁（SE=1.157），其中 50.3%的人报告身体状况良好。对于两个问卷，人们报告最多问题的维度都是疼痛/不适维度。对于 EQ-5D-5L 和 EQ-5D-3L，年龄在 35 岁以上的男性报告的疼痛/不适问题比女性少。健康状况随着年龄的增长而下降，从 EQ-5D-5L 的年龄组 18-24 岁到年龄组 75 岁以上，指数从 0.977（SE=0.005）下降到 0.765（SE=0.017）；从 EQ-5D-3L 的年龄组 18-24 岁到年龄组 75 岁以上，指数从 0.981（SE=0.005）下降到 0.784（SE=0.019）。EQ-VAS 评分在最年轻和最年长组之间下降了 29.9 分。
现在可获得罗马尼亚版 EQ-5D-5L、EQ-5D-3L、它们的指数以及 EQ-VAS 的群体标准。这些现在可以作为医疗保健专业人员、研究人员和决策者的参考值，从而进一步促进罗马尼亚健康相关生活质量研究的发展。
