Water Management and Hydrologic Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Brien Well Drilling, Hearne, TX, 77859, USA.
Ground Water. 2024 May-Jun;62(3):343-356. doi: 10.1111/gwat.13344. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
Hydraulic fracturing (HF) events consume high volumes of water over a short time. When groundwater is the source, the additional pumping by rig/frack supply wells (RFSWs) may impose costs on owners of other sector wells (OSWs) by lowering the hydraulic head. The Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in south Texas is the main source of water for HF of the Eagle Ford Shale (EFS) Play. The objectives are to assess the impacts of groundwater pumping for HF supply on: (1) hydraulic heads in OSWs located nearby an RFSW and (2) volumetric fluxes between layers of the regional aquifer system compared to a baseline model without the effect of RFSW pumping. The study area spans the footprint of the EFS Play in Texas and extends from 2011 to 2020. The pumping schedules of 2500 RFSWs were estimated from reported pumped water volumes to supply 22,500 HF events. Median annual drawdowns in OSWs ranged from 0.2 to 6.6 m, whereas 95th percentile annual drawdowns exceeded 20 m. The magnitudes of drawdown increased from 2011 to 2020. Of the four layers that comprise the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer, the upper Wilcox was the most intensively pumped for HF supply. During the peak HF year of 2014, the net flux to the upper Wilcox was 292 Mm compared to the baseline net flux for the same year of 278 Mm-a relative gain of 14 Mm. Pumping for HF supply has the potential to negatively impact nearby OSWs by capturing water from adjacent aquifer layers.
水力压裂（HF）事件在短时间内消耗大量的水。当地下水是水源时，钻机/压裂供应井（RFSW）的额外抽水可能会通过降低水力头对其他扇区井（OSW）的所有者造成成本。德克萨斯州南部的卡里佐-威尔科克斯含水层是鹰福特页岩（EFS）区 HF 的主要水源。目标是评估地下水抽采用于 HF 供应对以下方面的影响：（1）位于 RFSW 附近的 OSW 的水力头，以及（2）与不考虑 RFSW 抽水影响的基线模型相比，区域含水层系统各层之间的体积通量。研究区域跨越了德克萨斯州 EFS 区的足迹，范围从 2011 年到 2020 年。从报告的抽水量估计了 2500 个 RFSW 的抽水时间表，以供应 22500 次 HF 事件。OSW 的年平均抽水量中位数从 0.2 到 6.6 米不等，而 95%的年抽水量超过 20 米。抽水量的大小从 2011 年到 2020 年有所增加。在构成卡里佐-威尔科克斯含水层的四层中，上威尔科克斯是为 HF 供应而抽水最多的一层。在 2014 年 HF 高峰期，与同年的基线净通量相比，上威尔科克斯的净通量为 292 毫米，相对增加了 14 毫米。HF 供应的抽水有潜力通过从相邻含水层层捕获水来对附近的 OSW 产生负面影响。
