Wuerz Maggie, Lawson Caitlin A, Oakley Clinton A, Possell Malcolm, Wilkinson Shaun P, Grossman Arthur R, Weis Virginia M, Suggett David J, Davy Simon K
School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jul 17;12(7):1014. doi: 10.3390/biology12071014.
The symbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates underpins the success of reef-building corals in otherwise nutrient-poor habitats. Alterations to symbiotic state can perturb metabolic homeostasis and thus alter the release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). While BVOCs can play important roles in metabolic regulation and signalling, how the symbiotic state affects BVOC output remains unexplored. We therefore characterised the suite of BVOCs that comprise the volatilome of the sea anemone ('Aiptasia') when aposymbiotic and in symbiosis with either its native dinoflagellate symbiont or the non-native symbiont . In parallel, the bacterial community structure in these different symbiotic states was fully characterised to resolve the holobiont microbiome. Based on rRNA analyses, 147 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were observed across symbiotic states. Furthermore, the microbiomes were distinct across the different symbiotic states: bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae were the most abundant in aposymbiotic anemones; those in the family Crocinitomicaceae were the most abundant in anemones symbiotic with ; and anemones symbiotic with had the highest proportion of low-abundance ASVs. Across these different holobionts, 142 BVOCs were detected and classified into 17 groups based on their chemical structure, with BVOCs containing multiple functional groups being the most abundant. Isoprene was detected in higher abundance when anemones hosted their native symbiont, and dimethyl sulphide was detected in higher abundance in the volatilome of both Aiptasia-Symbiodiniaceae combinations relative to aposymbiotic anemones. The volatilomes of aposymbiotic anemones and anemones symbiotic with were distinct, while the volatilome of anemones symbiotic with overlapped both of the others. Collectively, our results are consistent with previous reports that produces a metabolically sub-optimal symbiosis with Aiptasia, and add to our understanding of how symbiotic cnidarians, including corals, may respond to climate change should they acquire novel dinoflagellate partners.
刺胞动物与甲藻之间的共生关系是造礁珊瑚在营养贫瘠生境中成功生存的基础。共生状态的改变会扰乱代谢稳态，从而改变生物源挥发性有机化合物（BVOCs）的释放。虽然BVOCs在代谢调节和信号传导中可发挥重要作用，但共生状态如何影响BVOC输出仍未得到探索。因此，我们对海葵（“艾氏海葵”）在无共生体状态下以及与本地甲藻共生体或非本地共生体共生时构成挥发组的一系列BVOCs进行了表征。同时，对这些不同共生状态下的细菌群落结构进行了全面表征，以解析全生物微生物组。基于rRNA分析，在不同共生状态下共观察到147个独特的扩增子序列变体（ASVs）。此外，不同共生状态下的微生物组各不相同：弧菌科细菌在无共生体海葵中最为丰富；在与……共生的海葵中，嗜铁钩端螺旋菌科细菌最为丰富；与……共生的海葵中低丰度ASVs的比例最高。在这些不同的全生物中，检测到142种BVOCs，并根据其化学结构分为17组，其中含有多个官能团的BVOCs最为丰富。当海葵宿主为本地共生体时，检测到的异戊二烯丰度较高，相对于无共生体海葵，在两种艾氏海葵 - 共生甲藻组合的挥发组中，检测到的二甲基硫丰度较高。无共生体海葵和与……共生的海葵的挥发组不同，而与……共生的海葵的挥发组与其他两者都有重叠。总体而言，我们的结果与之前的报道一致，即……与艾氏海葵形成代谢次优的共生关系，并增进了我们对包括珊瑚在内的共生刺胞动物在获得新的甲藻伙伴时如何应对气候变化的理解。
