Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University Central Emergency Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.
Cells. 2023 Jul 11;12(14):1823. doi: 10.3390/cells12141823.
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in protein sorting, modification and trafficking within cells; its dysregulation has been implicated in various cancers including those affecting the GI tract. This review highlights two Golgi target proteins, namely GOLPH3 and GOLGA proteins, from this apparatus as they relate to gastroenterological cancers. GOLPH3-a highly conserved protein of the trans-Golgi network-has become a key player in cancer biology. Abnormal expression of GOLPH3 has been detected in various gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. GOLPH3 promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion via various mechanisms including activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as altering Golgi morphology and vesicular trafficking. GOLGA family proteins such as GOLGA1 (golgin-97) and GOLGA7 (golgin-84) have also been implicated in gastroenterological cancers. GOLGA1 plays an essential role in protein trafficking within the Golgi apparatus and has been associated with poor patient survival rates and increased invasiveness; GOLGA7 maintains Golgi structure while having been shown to affect protein glycosylation processes. GOLPH3 and GOLGA proteins play a pivotal role in gastroenterological cancer, helping researchers unlock molecular mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets. Their dysregulation affects various cellular processes including signal transduction, vesicular trafficking and protein glycosylation, all contributing to tumor aggressiveness and progression.
高尔基体在细胞内的蛋白质分拣、修饰和运输中起着核心作用；其功能失调与包括胃肠道在内的各种癌症有关。本综述重点介绍了来自该细胞器的两种高尔基体靶蛋白，即 GOLPH3 和 GOLGA 蛋白，因为它们与胃肠道癌症有关。GOLPH3 是高尔基体中高度保守的跨膜蛋白，已成为癌症生物学中的关键参与者。异常表达的 GOLPH3 已在各种胃肠道癌症中被检测到，包括胃癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌。GOLPH3 通过多种机制促进肿瘤细胞增殖、存活、迁移和侵袭，包括激活 PI3K/Akt/mTOR 信号通路以及改变高尔基体形态和囊泡运输。GOLGA 家族蛋白，如 GOLGA1（golgin-97）和 GOLGA7（golgin-84），也与胃肠道癌症有关。GOLGA1 在高尔基体中蛋白质运输中发挥重要作用，与患者生存率降低和侵袭性增加有关；GOLGA7 维持高尔基体结构，同时影响蛋白质糖基化过程。GOLPH3 和 GOLGA 蛋白在胃肠道癌症中起着关键作用，帮助研究人员揭示分子机制并确定治疗靶点。它们的失调会影响各种细胞过程，包括信号转导、囊泡运输和蛋白质糖基化，所有这些都有助于肿瘤的侵袭性和进展。
