School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Cells. 2023 Jul 18;12(14):1882. doi: 10.3390/cells12141882.
Cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance via diverse strategies. In accordance, a large number of complex studies of the immune system focusing on tumor cell recognition have revealed new insights and strategies developed, largely through major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). As one of them, tumor-specific MHC-II expression (tsMHC-II) can facilitate immune surveillance to detect tumor antigens, and thereby has been used in immunotherapy, including superior cancer prognosis, clinical sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy and tumor-bearing rejection in mice. NK cells play a unique role in enhancing innate immune responses, accounting for part of the response including immunosurveillance and immunoregulation. NK cells are also capable of initiating the response of the adaptive immune system to cancer immunotherapy independent of cytotoxic T cells, clearly demonstrating a link between NK cell function and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Eosinophils were shown to feature pleiotropic activities against a variety of solid tumor types, including direct interactions with tumor cells, and accessorily affect immunotherapeutic response through intricating cross-talk with lymphocytes. Additionally, microbial sequencing and reconstitution revealed that commensal microbiota might be involved in the modulation of cancer progression, including positive and negative regulatory bacteria. They may play functional roles in not only mucosal modulation, but also systemic immune responses. Here, we present a panorama of the cancer immune network mediated by MHCI/II molecules, immune cells and commensal microbiota and a discussion of prospective relevant intervening mechanisms involved in cancer immunotherapies.
癌细胞通过多种策略规避免疫监视。相应地，大量针对肿瘤细胞识别的免疫系统的复杂研究揭示了新的见解和开发的策略，这些研究主要集中在主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）上。作为其中之一，肿瘤特异性 MHC-II 表达（tsMHC-II）可以促进免疫监视以检测肿瘤抗原，因此已被用于免疫治疗，包括改善癌症预后、对免疫检查点抑制（ICI）治疗的临床敏感性和小鼠的肿瘤携带排斥。NK 细胞在增强先天免疫反应方面发挥着独特的作用，构成了包括免疫监视和免疫调节在内的部分反应。NK 细胞还能够独立于细胞毒性 T 细胞启动适应性免疫系统对癌症免疫治疗的反应，这清楚地表明 NK 细胞功能与癌症免疫疗法的疗效之间存在联系。嗜酸性粒细胞表现出针对多种实体肿瘤类型的多种活性，包括与肿瘤细胞的直接相互作用，并通过与淋巴细胞的复杂相互作用来辅助影响免疫治疗反应。此外，微生物测序和重建表明，共生微生物群可能参与调节癌症进展，包括阳性和阴性调节细菌。它们可能在不仅在粘膜调节，而且在全身免疫反应中发挥功能作用。在这里，我们展示了由 MHC I/II 分子、免疫细胞和共生微生物群介导的癌症免疫网络全景，并讨论了癌症免疫治疗中涉及的潜在相关干预机制。
