Muñoz-Bas Clara, Muñoz-Tebar Nuria, Candela-Salvador Laura, Pérez-Alvarez José A, Lorenzo José M, Viuda-Martos Manuel, Fernández-López Juana
IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Universidad Miguel Hernández (CIAGRO-UMH), Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 033121 Orihuela, Spain.
Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain.
Foods. 2023 Jul 10;12(14):2659. doi: 10.3390/foods12142659.
The quality characteristics (physical, techno-functional, and chemical) of date fruits (at the tamar stage) of two cultivars ("Confitera", autochthonous and unknown vs. "Medjoul", widely distributed and well-known), grown in the Southeast of Spain (Elche palm grove) were evaluated in order to reinforce decisions aimed at organizing the production of fresh dates from Elche by selecting the most profitable cultivar. Morphologically, Confitera dates were longer and with higher pulp yield than Medjoul dates (4.58 cm vs. 3.88 cm, and 84% vs. 78%, respectively) ( < 0.05). Nutritionally, both dates are a good source of carbohydrates (total sugars (43-48%) and dietary fiber (20-22%)), with small amounts of fat and proteins. The main free sugars in dates from both cultivars were glucose and fructose (reducing sugars). The most abundant mineral found in both date fruits were K, followed by Ca or Mg (depending on the cultivar; Ca in Medjoul and Mg in Confitera). Confitera dates showed a higher total antioxidant activity than Medjoul, corresponding with their higher ( < 0.05) content in polyphenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin predominantly). Confitera dates should be promoted in this region not only for their contribution to sustainable agricultural development and biodiversity, but also for their higher overall quality.
对西班牙东南部（埃尔切棕榈林）种植的两个枣品种（“Confitera”，本土品种且来源不明，与“Medjoul”，广泛种植且知名）的枣果（处于tamar阶段）的品质特性（物理、技术功能和化学特性）进行了评估，以便通过选择最具盈利性的品种来加强有关组织埃尔切鲜枣生产的决策。从形态学上看，Confitera枣比Medjoul枣更长，果肉产量更高（分别为4.58厘米对3.88厘米，以及84%对78%）（P<0.05）。在营养方面，两种枣都是碳水化合物的良好来源（总糖含量为43 - 48%，膳食纤维含量为20 - 22%），脂肪和蛋白质含量较少。两个品种枣中的主要游离糖是葡萄糖和果糖（还原糖）。两种枣果中含量最丰富的矿物质都是钾，其次是钙或镁（取决于品种；Medjoul中是钙，Confitera中是镁）。Confitera枣的总抗氧化活性高于Medjoul枣，这与其更高（P<0.05）的多酚类化合物含量相对应，主要是黄酮类化合物（主要是儿茶素和表儿茶素）。Confitera枣不仅因其对可持续农业发展和生物多样性的贡献，还因其更高的整体品质，应在该地区得到推广。
