Mahdavi Behnam, Yaacob Wan A, Din Laily B
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017 Aug;10(8):819-826. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
To report the chemical composition and bioactivity (including antioxidant and antimicrobial activity) of essential oils from the rhizomes, stems, and leaves of Etlingera sayapensis (E. sayapensis) A.D. Poulsen & Ibrahim for the first time.
First, the essential oils were obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Then, the essential oils compositions were identified by chromatography methods including GC-FID and GC-MS. For the next step, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), β-carotene bleaching (BCB), and ferrous ion chelating ability (FIC) were chosen to evaluate the essential oils antioxidant activity. Finally, disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) was applied to investigate antimicrobial activity of the rhizomes and leaves oils of E. sayapensis against 18 microorganisms.
All of the oils contained oxygenated monoterpenes (leaves: 74.18%, stems: 75.60%, and rhizome: 54.61%), The essential oil obtained from leaves contained high amount of carvone (21.38%), cis-carveol (13.49%); The rhizomes oil was rich in linalool formate (25.47%), eugenol (11.84%); and the stems oil was dominated by α-terpineol (39.86%), linalool formate (30.55%). The leaves oil represented the highest ability in all of the antioxidant activity tests. For antimicrobial activity, the rhizome oil presented more active when compared to leaves oil against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella sonnei, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis.
The most components of the essential oils belong to oxygenated monoterpenes. Linalool formate, carvone, and α-terpineol are found as the most abundant compounds in the oils of the different parts of E. sayapensis. The rhizomes oil can prevent the growth of wide spectrum microorganisms; however, the oils are not highly potent in antioxidant assays.
首次报道沙巴莪术（Etlingera sayapensis）A.D. Poulsen & Ibrahim的根茎、茎和叶中挥发油的化学成分及生物活性（包括抗氧化和抗菌活性）。
首先，采用克莱文杰型装置提取挥发油。然后，通过气相色谱 - 氢火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）等色谱方法鉴定挥发油成分。接下来，选择二苯基苦味酰基自由基清除活性（RSA）、β - 胡萝卜素漂白（BCB）和亚铁离子螯合能力（FIC）来评估挥发油的抗氧化活性。最后，采用纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度法（MIC）研究沙巴莪术根茎和叶挥发油对18种微生物的抗菌活性。
所有挥发油均含有含氧单萜类化合物（叶：74.18%，茎：75.60%，根茎：54.61%）。叶挥发油中含有大量香芹酮（21.38%）、顺式香芹醇（13.49%）；根茎挥发油富含甲酸芳樟酯（25.47%）、丁香酚（11.84%）；茎挥发油以α - 松油醇（39.86%）、甲酸芳樟酯（30.55%）为主。叶挥发油在所有抗氧化活性测试中表现出最高能力。在抗菌活性方面，与叶挥发油相比，根茎挥发油对枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、嗜水气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、宋内志贺菌、粘质沙雷氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、白色念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌表现出更强的活性。
挥发油的大多数成分属于含氧单萜类化合物。甲酸芳樟酯、香芹酮和α - 松油醇是沙巴莪术不同部位挥发油中含量最丰富的化合物。根茎挥发油能抑制多种微生物的生长；然而，这些挥发油在抗氧化试验中的活性并不高。
