School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jul 12;14(7):1435. doi: 10.3390/genes14071435.
Since its successful isolation in China in 1995, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been mutating into highly pathogenic strains by constantly changing pathogenicity and genetic makeup. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) in PRRSV-2, the main strain prevalent in China. After formulating hypotheses regarding the biology of the NSP1 protein, the nucleotide and amino acid similarity of NSP1 were analyzed and compared in 193 PRRSV-2 strains. The results showed that NSP1 has a stable hydrophobic protein with a molecular weight of 43,060.76 Da. Although NSP1 lacked signal peptides, it could regulate host cell signaling. Furthermore, NSP1 of different strains had high nucleotide (79.6-100%) and amino acid similarity (78.6-100%). In the amino acid sequence comparison of 15 representative strains of PRRSV-2, multiple amino acid substitution sites were found in NSP1. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that lineages 1 and 8 had different evolutionary branches with long genetic distances. This study lays the foundation for an in-depth understanding of the nature and genetic variation of NSP1 and the development of a safe and effective vaccine in the future.
自 1995 年在中国成功分离以来，猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）通过不断改变其致病性和遗传组成，已经进化为高致病性毒株。在本研究中，我们调查了中国主要流行株 PRRSV-2 的非结构蛋白 1（NSP1）的流行情况和遗传变异。在提出关于 NSP1 蛋白生物学的假设后，我们对 193 株 PRRSV-2 株的 NSP1 核苷酸和氨基酸相似性进行了分析和比较。结果表明，NSP1 是一种稳定的具有 43060.76 Da 分子量的疏水性蛋白。尽管 NSP1 缺乏信号肽，但它可以调节宿主细胞信号。此外，不同株的 NSP1 具有高核苷酸（79.6-100%）和氨基酸相似性（78.6-100%）。在对 15 株 PRRSV-2 代表株的氨基酸序列比较中，发现 NSP1 中有多个氨基酸取代位点。系统进化树分析表明，谱系 1 和 8 具有不同的进化分支和较长的遗传距离。本研究为深入了解 NSP1 的性质和遗传变异以及未来开发安全有效的疫苗奠定了基础。
