AlBahrani Salma, Al-Maqati Thekra N, Al Naam Yaser A, Alqahtani Jaber S, Alqahtani Abdullah S, AlRabeeah Saad, Aldhahir Abdulelah M, Alkhalaf Faisal, Alzuraiq Hind R, Alenezi Maryam Hamad, Alzahrani Amal, Bakkar Mohanad, Albahrani Zainab, Maawadh Rawan M
Internal Medicine Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam 34313, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34313, Saudi Arabia.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jul 16;13(7):1572. doi: 10.3390/life13071572.
A high body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for coronavirus infection in hospitalized patients. Our study examined the association between BMI and complications and the survival rate among COVID-19 patients. This retrospective analysis used data from a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 600 participants, with the majority being between 41 and 60 years old (41.3%) and men comprising 63.5% of the sample. Approximately 42.5% of patients were obese, and 31.3% were overweight. The results showed that BMI was significantly linked to respiratory diseases ( = 0.013); end-stage renal disease ( = 0.021); and cardiovascular disease ( = 0.003) but not diabetes mellitus ( = 0.064). Death occurred in 10.8% of patients; 33.8% were admitted to the ICU; 13.8% needed mechanical ventilation; and 60.7% had lung infiltration. Obese patients with oxygen saturation levels below 93% were 2.45 times more likely to require mechanical ventilation than those in the normal-weight group. Overweight and obese patients were also more likely to require mechanical ventilation than normal-weight patients, with odds ratios of 3.66 and 2.81, respectively. The BMI categorized was not associated with survival rate in COVID-19-hospitalized patients using Kaplan-Meier survival plots ( = 0.061). However, the BMI categorized was associated with survival rate in COVID-19 ICU patients ( < 0.001). In addition, the overweight showed a statistically significant higher hazard ratio of 2.22 ( = 0.01) compared to normal-weight patients using a Cox regression model. A high BMI was identified as an independent risk factor for reduced oxygen saturation (<93%), the need for mechanical ventilation, lung infiltration, mortality, and longer ICU stays in COVID-19 patients.
高体重指数（BMI）是住院患者感染冠状病毒的已知风险因素。我们的研究调查了BMI与并发症以及COVID-19患者生存率之间的关联。这项回顾性分析使用了沙特阿拉伯东部地区一家三级医院在COVID-19大流行两波期间的数据。该研究包括600名参与者，大多数年龄在41至60岁之间（41.3%），男性占样本的63.5%。约42.5%的患者肥胖，31.3%超重。结果显示，BMI与呼吸系统疾病（P = 0.013）、终末期肾病（P = 0.021）和心血管疾病（P = 0.003）显著相关，但与糖尿病无关（P = 0.064）。10.8%的患者死亡；33.8%的患者被收入重症监护病房（ICU）；13.8%的患者需要机械通气；60.7%的患者有肺部浸润。氧饱和度低于93%的肥胖患者需要机械通气的可能性是正常体重组患者的2.45倍。超重和肥胖患者也比正常体重患者更有可能需要机械通气，优势比分别为3.66和2.81。使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线，分类后的BMI与COVID-19住院患者的生存率无关（P = 0.061）。然而，分类后的BMI与COVID-19 ICU患者的生存率相关（P < 0.001）。此外，使用Cox回归模型，与正常体重患者相比，超重患者的风险比在统计学上显著更高，为2.22（P = 0.01）。高BMI被确定为COVID-19患者氧饱和度降低（<93%）、需要机械通气、肺部浸润、死亡和在ICU停留时间延长的独立风险因素。
