College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(41):93731-93743. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28876-0. Epub 2023 Jul 29.
The gastrointestinal microbiota, a complex ecosystem, is involved in the physiological activities of hosts and the development of diseases. Birds occupy a critical ecological niche in the ecosystem, performing a variety of ecological functions and possessing a complex gut microbiota composition. However, the gut microbiota of wild and captive birds has received less attention in the same region. We profiled the fecal gut microbiome of wild wintering whooper swans (Cygnus Cygnus; Cyg group, n = 25), captive black swans (Cygnus Atratus; Atr group, n = 20), and mute swans (Cygnus Olor; Olor group, n = 30) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to reveal differences in the gut microbial ecology. The results revealed that the three species of swans differed significantly in terms of the alpha and beta diversity of their gut microbiota, as measured by ACE, Chao1, Simpson and Shannon indices, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and non-metricmulti-dimensional scaling (NMDS) respectively. Based on the results of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and random forest analysis, we found that there were substantial differences in the relative abundance of Gottschalkia, Trichococcus, Enterococcus, and Kurthia among the three groups. Furthermore, an advantageous pattern of interactions between microorganisms was shown by the association network analysis. Among these, Gottschalkia had the higher area under curve (AUC), which was 0.939 (CI = 0.879-0.999), indicating that it might be used as a biomarker to distinguish between wild and captive black swans. Additionally, PICRUSt2 predictions indicated significant differences in gut microbiota functions between wild and captive trumpeter swans, with the gut microbiota functions of Cyg group focusing on carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism pathways, the Atr group on lipid metabolism, and the Olor group on cell motility, amino acid metabolism, and replication and repair pathways. These findings showed that the gut microbiota of wild and captive swans differed, which is beneficial to understand the gut microecology of swans and to improve regional wildlife conservation strategies.
胃肠道微生物群是一个复杂的生态系统，参与宿主的生理活动和疾病的发展。鸟类在生态系统中占据着关键的生态位，具有多种生态功能和复杂的肠道微生物群落组成。然而，同一地区对野生和圈养鸟类的肠道微生物群的研究较少。我们通过 16S rRNA 基因测序对野生越冬大天鹅（Cygnus Cygnus；Cyg 组，n=25）、圈养黑天鹅（Cygnus Atratus；Atr 组，n=20）和疣鼻天鹅（Cygnus Olor；Olor 组，n=30）的粪便肠道微生物组进行了分析，以揭示肠道微生物生态的差异。结果表明，三种天鹅在肠道微生物群落的 alpha 和 beta 多样性方面存在显著差异，通过 ACE、Chao1、Simpson 和 Shannon 指数、主坐标分析（PCoA）和非度量多维标度（NMDS）分别进行测量。基于线性判别分析效应量（LEfSe）和随机森林分析的结果，我们发现三组之间 Gottschalkia、Trichococcus、Enterococcus 和 Kurthia 的相对丰度存在显著差异。此外，通过关联网络分析显示微生物之间存在有利的相互作用模式。在这些物种中，Gottschalkia 的曲线下面积（AUC）更高，为 0.939（CI=0.879-0.999），表明它可能被用作区分野生和圈养黑天鹅的生物标志物。此外，PICRUSt2 预测表明，野生和圈养喇叭天鹅的肠道微生物群落功能存在显著差异，Cyg 组的肠道微生物群落功能主要集中在碳水化合物代谢、膜转运、辅助因子和维生素代谢途径，Atr 组主要集中在脂质代谢，Olor 组主要集中在细胞运动、氨基酸代谢和复制修复途径。这些发现表明，野生和圈养天鹅的肠道微生物群存在差异，这有助于了解天鹅的肠道微生物生态，并改善区域野生动物保护策略。
