Manicardi Alfredo, Scarabel Laura, Llenes Josep María, Montull José María, Osuna María Dolores, Torra Farré Joel, Milani Andrea
Department of Forestry and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), CNR, Legnaro, Italy.
Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Dec;79(12):4886-4896. doi: 10.1002/ps.7690. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Amaranthus palmeri is an aggressive annual weed native to the United States, which has become invasive in some European countries. Populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been recorded in Spain and Italy, but the evolutionary origin of the resistance traits remains unknown. Bioassays were conducted to identify cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors and a haplotype-based genetic approach was used to elucidate the origin and distribution of resistance in both countries.
Amaranthus palmeri populations were resistant to thifensulfuron-methyl and imazamox, and the 574-Leu mutant ALS allele was found to be the main cause of resistance among them. In two Spanish populations, 376-Glu and 197-Thr mutant ALS alleles were also found. The haplotype analyses revealed the presence of two and four distinct 574-Leu mutant haplotypes in the Italian and Spanish populations, respectively. None was common to both countries, but some mutant haplotypes were shared between geographically close populations or between populations more than 100 km apart. Wide genetic diversity was found in two very close Spanish populations.
ALS-resistant A. palmeri populations were introduced to Italy and Spain from outside Europe. Populations from both countries have different evolutionary histories and originate from independent introduction events. ALS resistance then spread over short and long distances by seed dispersal. The higher number and genetic diversity among mutant haplotypes from the Spanish populations indicated recurrent invasions. The implementation of control tactics to limit seed dispersal and the establishment of A. palmeri is recommended in both countries. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
帕尔默苋是一种原产于美国的一年生恶性杂草，已在一些欧洲国家成为入侵物种。西班牙和意大利已记录到对乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制剂具有抗性的种群，但抗性性状的进化起源尚不清楚。进行了生物测定以确定对ALS抑制剂的交叉抗性，并采用基于单倍型的遗传方法来阐明两国抗性的起源和分布。
帕尔默苋种群对甲基苯磺隆和甲氧咪草烟具有抗性，并且发现574-Leu突变型ALS等位基因是其中抗性的主要原因。在两个西班牙种群中，还发现了376-Glu和197-Thr突变型ALS等位基因。单倍型分析表明，意大利和西班牙种群中分别存在两种和四种不同的574-Leu突变型单倍型。两国没有共同的单倍型，但一些突变型单倍型在地理上相邻的种群之间或相距超过100公里的种群之间共享。在两个非常接近的西班牙种群中发现了广泛的遗传多样性。
对ALS具有抗性的帕尔默苋种群是从欧洲以外引入意大利和西班牙的。两国的种群具有不同的进化历史，并且起源于独立的引入事件。ALS抗性随后通过种子传播在短距离和长距离内扩散。西班牙种群中突变型单倍型数量更多且遗传多样性更高，表明存在反复入侵。建议两国实施控制策略以限制种子传播和帕尔默苋的定殖。© 2023作者。《害虫管理科学》由约翰·威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版。
