Department of Biology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2023 Jul 27;17(7):1022-1029. doi: 10.3855/jidc.15105.
Opportunistic infections are a major public health problems in immuno-compromised individuals, particularly in HIV patients, and form a lethal combination, each speeding the progress of the other. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern and prevalence of opportunistic infections and their reciprocal effects among HIV patients attending the Burayu Health Centers.
A health institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,448 HIV patients. All patients diagnosed with HIV and HIV-opportunistic co-infections with complete data were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association of HIV-opportunistic co-infections and various socio-demographic and clinical variables.
A total of 1,448 HIV- positive patients were reviewed and 572 (39.5%) were found to have opportunistic infections. The trend of HIV co-infection showed gradually decreased. Majority of HIV patients were found at a CD4+ count < 200cells/mm3.The rate of opportunistic infections increased with decreasing CD4 T-cell count. HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count of < 200 cells/mm3 were found to be 44 times more likely to develop opportunistic infections. HIV-opportunistic co-infection was significantly associated with sex, marital status, ART drug adherence, residence, and educational status of the patients. The odds of co-infections in patients who were urban dwellers were 2 times higher than in those who lived in rural areas. Similarly, patients who were single were 3 times more likely to be infected with coinfections. Maleness was found to be protective from coinfection and it showed a reduction of 64%.
Opportunistic co-infections are more prevalent in HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count of < 200 cells/mm3, poor drug adherence, and also associated with the occupation. So, regular examination and appropriate medication can reduce the prevalence of opportunistic co-infections.
机会性感染是免疫功能低下人群，特别是 HIV 患者的主要公共卫生问题，它们形成了致命的组合，相互加速对方的进展。本研究旨在评估在 Burayu 保健中心就诊的 HIV 患者中机会性感染的模式和流行率及其相互影响。
对 1448 名 HIV 患者进行了基于卫生机构的回顾性横断面研究。所有诊断为 HIV 且合并 HIV 机会性合并感染且数据完整的患者均被纳入。采用逻辑回归分析来量化 HIV 机会性合并感染与各种社会人口学和临床变量之间的关联。
共回顾了 1448 名 HIV 阳性患者，其中 572 名（39.5%）患有机会性感染。HIV 合并感染的趋势逐渐下降。大多数 HIV 患者的 CD4+计数<200 个细胞/mm3。随着 CD4 T 细胞计数的降低，机会性感染的发生率增加。CD4+细胞计数<200 个细胞/mm3 的 HIV 感染患者发生机会性感染的可能性是 CD4+细胞计数正常患者的 44 倍。HIV-机会性合并感染与患者的性别、婚姻状况、ART 药物依从性、居住地和教育程度显著相关。居住在城市的患者合并感染的几率是居住在农村地区的患者的 2 倍。同样，单身患者感染合并感染的几率是已婚患者的 3 倍。男性感染合并感染的风险较低，降低了 64%。
CD4+细胞计数<200 个细胞/mm3、药物依从性差的 HIV 感染患者中机会性合并感染更为普遍，且与职业有关。因此，定期检查和适当的药物治疗可以降低机会性合并感染的发生率。
