Nurses United Against Human Trafficking, P.A., Jacksonville, FL, United States; Molloy University, Rockville Centre, New York, NY, United States.
Nurses United Against Human Trafficking, P.A., Jacksonville, FL, United States.
Nurse Educ Today. 2023 Oct;129:105920. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105920. Epub 2023 Jul 26.
Human trafficking is a public health crisis. Perpetrators of human trafficking gross billions of dollars annually from the sale of human cargo. Due to its pervasive and hidden nature, these crimes are happening at exponential rates, but go undetected. Lack of identification of these victims are seen across numerous disciplines such as law enforcement, social services, education, judicial services, and healthcare. One of these barriers in identification is lack of proper education. Within the healthcare disciplines, a majority of victims are seen by a healthcare professional during their trafficking, yet remain unidentified. With over 4 million nurses in the U.S., they are ideally situated to identify and treat these individuals, if properly educated.
This study examined RN nursing students' knowledge of and exposure to human trafficking content in pre-licensure undergraduate curricula.
DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional quantitative study using the National Student Nurses' Association was conducted. Data were collected electronically via email recruitment of its members yielding a total sample population of n = 644, which included current and recently graduated RN undergraduate nursing students.
The researchers' developed tool, Student Nurse Human Trafficking Education Assessment Tool (Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.828), was sent via email. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way between groups ANOVA, correlation procedures, and multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS 27.
Findings showed approximately all participants reported minimal to no human trafficking content taught in undergraduate nursing curricula. Over three-quarters of participants reported some to no human trafficking knowledge. <5 % of participants reported having full confidence in recognizing signs or clinical presentations of human trafficking in a client, as well as executing their role as a current/future healthcare professional in intervention and response to a victim. Multiple linear regressions showed significant predictors for outcome variables of confidence in recognizing signs or clinical presentations of human trafficking in a client, and in executing the role as a current/future healthcare professional in intervention and response to a victim as number of minutes taught on human trafficking, perceived human trafficking knowledge, and attending a school in a mandated state for continuing education on human trafficking for licensed healthcare professionals.
Human trafficking content is taught at a minimal to zero amount in pre-licensure RN nursing curricula. Only eight states mandate continuing education on human trafficking for healthcare professionals. Once licensed, nurses who live in non-mandated states continue to be irregularly/inadequately educated on this topic. The data suggest that human trafficking content is not present in most pre-licensure RN nursing curricula. The implications of this study strongly suggest that human trafficking content be taught across all undergraduate RN programs with continuing education mandated in all U.S. states and U.S. territories.
人口贩卖是公共卫生危机。人口贩卖的实施者每年从贩卖人口中获利数十亿美元。由于其普遍存在且隐蔽的性质，这些犯罪呈指数级增长，但却未被发现。在执法、社会服务、教育、司法服务和医疗保健等众多领域都存在对这些受害者识别的障碍。其中一个识别障碍是缺乏适当的教育。在医疗保健领域，大多数受害者在被贩卖期间都由医疗保健专业人员接诊，但仍未被识别。在美国，有超过 400 万名护士，如果接受适当的教育，他们最适合识别和治疗这些人。
本研究调查了注册护士护理学生在许可前本科课程中对人口贩卖内容的了解和接触情况。
设计/设置/参与者：采用横断面定量研究，使用全国护士学生协会进行。通过电子邮件对其成员进行电子招募收集数据，总样本量为 n=644，包括当前和最近毕业的注册护士本科护理学生。
研究人员开发的工具，即学生护士人口贩卖教育评估工具（Cronbach 阿尔法系数为 0.828），通过电子邮件发送。使用 SPSS 27 进行描述性统计、t 检验、单向组间方差分析、相关程序和多元回归。
研究结果表明，大约所有参与者报告说，本科护理课程中教授的人口贩卖内容很少或没有。超过四分之三的参与者表示他们对人口贩卖的了解很少或没有。<5%的参与者报告说，他们有充分的信心识别客户中的人口贩卖迹象或临床表现，并在干预和回应受害者时发挥当前/未来医疗保健专业人员的作用。多元线性回归显示，对客户中人口贩卖迹象或临床表现的识别能力以及作为当前/未来医疗保健专业人员在干预和回应受害者方面的作用的信心的结果变量有显著的预测因素，这些预测因素包括人口贩卖教学时间、感知人口贩卖知识和就读于要求医疗保健专业人员进行人口贩卖继续教育的州的学校。
在许可前注册护士护理课程中，人口贩卖内容的教学量很少或为零。只有八个州要求医疗保健专业人员接受人口贩卖继续教育。一旦获得许可，居住在非强制州的护士继续接受有关该主题的非定期/不足够的教育。数据表明，大多数许可前注册护士护理课程中都没有人口贩卖内容。这项研究的结果强烈表明，应在所有本科注册护士课程中教授人口贩卖内容，并在所有美国州和美国领土上强制进行继续教育。
