State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Oct 15;335:122281. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122281. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
As ubiquitous contaminants, nanoplastics and antibiotics are frequently co-presence and widely detected in the freshwater environment and biota, posing a high co-exposure risk to aquatic organisms and even humans. More importantly, how the aging process of nanoplastics affects the joint toxic potential of nanoplastics and antibiotics has not been explored. Here, we generated two aged polystyrene nanoplastics (PS) by UV radiation (UV-PS) and ozonation (O-PS). Non-teratogenic concentrations of pristine PS (80 nm) and antibiotics penicillin (PNC) co-exposure synergistically suppressed the embryo heart beating and behaviors of spontaneous movement, touch response, and larval swimming behavioral response. Pristine PS and aged UV-PS, but not aged O-PS, showed similar effects on zebrafish embryo/larval neurodevelopment. However, when co-exposure with PNC, both aged PS, but not pristine PS, showed antagonistic effects. In late-stage juvenile social behavior testing, we found that PS decreased the exploration in light/dark preference assay. The synergistic effect of aged PS with PNC was further explored, including cellular apoptosis, ROS formation, and neurotransmitter metabolite regulation. Mechanistically, aged UV-PS but not O-PS significantly increased the adsorption rate of PNC compared to pristine PS, which may account for the toxicity difference between the two aged PS. In conclusion, our results confirmed that PS served as a carrier for PNC, and the environmental aging process changed their neurobehavioral toxicity pattern in vivo.
作为普遍存在的污染物，纳米塑料和抗生素经常共存，并广泛存在于淡水环境和生物群中，对水生生物甚至人类构成了高共同暴露风险。更重要的是，纳米塑料的老化过程如何影响纳米塑料和抗生素的联合毒性潜力尚未得到探索。在这里，我们通过紫外线辐射（UV-PS）和臭氧氧化（O-PS）生成了两种老化的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS）。原始 PS（80nm）和抗生素青霉素（PNC）的非致畸浓度共同暴露协同抑制了胚胎心跳和自发运动、触摸反应和幼虫游泳行为反应的行为。原始 PS 和老化的 UV-PS，但不是老化的 O-PS，对斑马鱼胚胎/幼虫神经发育表现出相似的影响。然而，当与 PNC 共同暴露时，两种老化的 PS 都表现出拮抗作用，而不是原始 PS。在晚期幼鱼社交行为测试中，我们发现 PS 减少了在明暗偏好试验中的探索。进一步探索了老化 PS 与 PNC 的协同作用，包括细胞凋亡、ROS 形成和神经递质代谢物调节。从机制上讲，与原始 PS 相比，老化的 UV-PS 但不是 O-PS 显著增加了 PNC 的吸附率，这可能是两种老化 PS 之间毒性差异的原因。总之，我们的结果证实 PS 作为 PNC 的载体，环境老化过程改变了它们在体内的神经行为毒性模式。
