Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(41):93760-93778. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28764-7. Epub 2023 Jul 29.
Globally, around 1.3 billion tonnes of waste are generated annually, and solid waste management has thus become a major concern worldwide. There are projections of a 70% increase in waste generation from 2016 to 2050 owing to urbanization and the rapid growth of the global population. Estimates indicate that around 38,200 tonnes of waste are generated per day in Malaysia, and this volume of waste is significantly shortening the planned life spans of operating sanitary landfills in the country. Batu Pahat is a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia, with a relatively large population of 495,000 and with no record of an operational sanitary landfill. This study was conducted to identify and classify the most suitable sites for sanitary landfill developments in southern Peninsular Malaysia by means of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is recognized as a competent technique for multicriteria decision-making. The resulting landfill site suitability index map established 33.88 km of area coverage as very highly suitable for landfill development, while 353.86 km of area coverage was classified as unsuitable. Sites 1-6 were identified as the most suitable for landfill activities. Sites 1-5 are situated in agricultural land areas, while site 6 is in a forested land area; this implies public participation and the adoption of compensatory measures in the event of landfill development in these areas, given their socioeconomic importance. The six suitable sites are all at least 2000 m from rivers: 2000-3000 m for sites 1, 3, and 5 and > 3000 m for sites 2, 4, and 6. The six sites are all > 3000 m from fault zones and > 1000 m from flood-prone areas, meaning that occurrences such as fault movements and flooding will have minimal impact on the operational activities of landfills at these sites. The selection of sites 1-6 as very suitable for landfill development was associated with an overall accuracy rating of 93.33% and kappa coefficient score of 0.92 based on accuracy assessment analysis of all sites. This study will guide the actions of policymakers, city planners, and local authorities toward sustainable and environment-friendly landfill development and operation in Batu Pahat and other districts in the state of Johor.
全球每年产生约 13 亿吨废物，因此固体废物管理已成为全球关注的主要问题。由于城市化和全球人口的快速增长，预计到 2050 年，废物产生量将增加 70%。估计马来西亚每天产生约 38200 吨废物，这使得该国运营中的卫生垃圾填埋场的计划使用寿命大大缩短。巴西古当是马来西亚柔佛州的一个区，人口相对较多，为 495000 人，没有运营中的卫生垃圾填埋场的记录。本研究旨在通过层次分析法（AHP）确定和分类半岛南部最适合卫生垃圾填埋场发展的地点，AHP 被认为是一种多准则决策的有力技术。由此产生的垃圾填埋场适宜性指数图确定了 33.88 公里的区域非常适合填埋场开发，而 353.86 公里的区域被归类为不适合。确定了 1-6 号地点最适合进行垃圾填埋活动。1-5 号地点位于农业用地，而 6 号地点位于森林用地；这意味着在这些地区进行垃圾填埋开发时需要公众参与并采取补偿措施，因为这些地区具有社会经济重要性。六个适宜的地点都离河流至少 2000 米：1、3 和 5 号地点距离河流 2000-3000 米，2、4 和 6 号地点距离河流超过 3000 米。六个地点都离断层带至少 3000 米，离洪水泛滥区至少 1000 米，这意味着断层运动和洪水等事件对这些地点的垃圾填埋场运营活动的影响最小。选择 1-6 号地点作为非常适合垃圾填埋场开发的原因是，基于对所有地点的准确性评估分析，其整体准确性评级为 93.33%，kappa 系数得分为 0.92。本研究将为决策者、城市规划者和地方当局提供指导，以实现巴西古当和柔佛州其他地区的可持续和环境友好型垃圾填埋场开发和运营。
