New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2023 Sep;191:42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.07.003. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Adolescence is a period of dramatic physiological changes preparing individuals to face future challenges. Prolonged exposure to stressors during childhood can result in dysregulated stress systems which alter normative physiological progression, leading to exacerbated risk for developing psychiatric disorders. Parental substance use disorder (SUD) is considered a significant childhood stressor which increases risk for the offspring to develop SUD. Thus, it is important to understand stress reactivity among adolescents with parental SUD. We used the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST), which includes a public speech presentation, as an acute stressor. Changes in heart-rate (HR) were measured while disadvantaged minority adolescents with and without a family history (FH+/FH-) of SUD performed the TSST. We investigated sex-specific stress response patterns during the TSST. HR peaked during the speech presentation and was overall higher in females than males. Changes in HR measures between baseline and speech showed an interaction between biological sex and FH group. Specifically, FH- females and FH+ males had significantly larger positive HR changes than FH- males. These results suggest that male and female adolescents with parental SUD have atypical, but divergent changes in stress reactivity that could explain their increased risk for developing SUD via different sexually dimorphic mechanisms.
青春期是一个生理变化剧烈的时期，使个体为未来的挑战做好准备。儿童时期长期暴露于应激源会导致应激系统失调，改变正常的生理进程，从而加剧患精神障碍的风险。父母的物质使用障碍（SUD）被认为是一个重大的儿童期应激源，会增加后代患 SUD 的风险。因此，了解有 SUD 父母的青少年的应激反应非常重要。我们使用特里尔社会应激测试（TSST）作为急性应激源，其中包括公开演讲。在进行 TSST 时，我们测量了有和没有 SUD 家族史（FH+/FH-）的少数族裔劣势青少年的心率（HR）变化。我们研究了 TSST 期间性别特异性的应激反应模式。在演讲过程中心率达到峰值，女性的心率总体高于男性。HR 测量值在基线和演讲之间的变化显示出生物学性别和 FH 组之间的相互作用。具体来说，FH-女性和 FH+男性的 HR 正向变化明显大于 FH-男性。这些结果表明，有 SUD 父母的男性和女性青少年的应激反应存在非典型但不同的变化，这可能通过不同的性别二态机制解释他们患 SUD 的风险增加。
