Bettcher Larissa, Fernandez Julio C C, Gastaldi Marianela, Bispo André, Leal Camille V, Leite Dora, Avelino-Alves Dhara, Clerier Pedro H B, Rezende Dafinny, Gulart Clara M R, Pinheiro Ulisses, Hajdu Eduardo
Centro de Biociências; Departamento de Zoologia-Laboratório de Porifera-LABPOR; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo; 1235; 50670-901; Cidade Universitária; Recife; PE; Brazil; Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
Zootaxa. 2023 May 3;5277(3):443-489. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.2.
Costa do Descobrimento is located in southern Bahia, Brazil, and only 22 species of sponges (Porifera) were known from the area until now, despite its important reef formations. In the present study, we report a checklist of the sponges of Costa do Descobrimento and their distribution in the studied reefs, with several species illustrated in life. We also describe nine new sponge records for this region, some of which are new records for Brazil, or new records of species previously only poorly known. We present alpha and beta diversity indices and compare the sponge assemblage of the sampled locations. Four reefs were considered: two fringing reefs (Arraial D'Ajuda-AA and Coroa Vermelha / Mutá-CVM) and two offshore Municipal Marine Park "Parque Municipal Marinho- (P.M.M. Coroa Alta-CA and P.M.M. Recife de Fora-RF). A total of 229 specimens were collected (224 Demospongiae, 2 Homoscleromorpha and 3 Calcarea). These were classified in 101 morphotypes. Studied materials included representatives of 15 orders, 34 families and 48 genera. The richest orders are Haplosclerida (29 spp.), Poecilosclerida (15 spp.) and Tetractinellida (11 spp.). The richest families were Chalinidae (24 spp.), Clionaidae (7 spp.) and Mycalidae and Suberitidae (6 spp. each). The richest genus is, by far, Haliclona (20 spp.). Only 13 species were shared among all four reefs surveyed, namely Amphimedon viridis, Cinachyrella alloclada, C. apion, Cladocroce caelum, Cliona varians, Dysidea robusta, Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata, Niphates erecta, Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Tethya bitylastra and T. maza. The reefs with the highest richness were CA and CVM, and the lowest richness was observed in RF. The most similar reefs in terms of species composition were CA and CVM, while AA and RF were more dissimilar to the previous reefs, but also from each other. While the difference among CA, CVM and AA was mainly explained by species turnover, RF differed from the previous based on its lower richness (nestedness component). Even though CA and CVM were the richest reefs, AA presented the highest number of exclusive species, highlighting the uniqueness of this reef, and urging the inclusion of local beachrock fringing reefs in a more holistic conservation strategy at Costa do Descobrimento.
发现海岸位于巴西巴伊亚州南部，尽管该地区有重要的珊瑚礁形成，但到目前为止，该地区仅已知22种海绵动物（多孔动物门）。在本研究中，我们报告了发现海岸海绵动物的清单及其在研究珊瑚礁中的分布情况，并展示了一些活体物种的图片。我们还描述了该地区9种新的海绵动物记录，其中一些是巴西的新记录，或者是以前鲜为人知的物种的新记录。我们给出了阿尔法和贝塔多样性指数，并比较了采样地点的海绵动物群落。研究了四个珊瑚礁：两个岸礁（阿雷亚尔 - 达茹达 - AA和科罗阿韦尔梅拉/穆塔 - CVM）以及两个近海的市立海洋公园“市立海洋公园 - （科罗阿阿尔塔 - CA和福拉外礁 - RF）”。总共收集了229个标本（224个寻常海绵纲、2个同骨海绵纲和3个钙质海绵纲）。这些标本被分类为101个形态型。研究材料包括15个目、34个科和48个属的代表。种类最丰富的目是单轴海绵目（29种）、软海绵目（15种）和四放海绵目（11种）。种类最丰富的科是毛壶科（24种）、穿贝海绵科（7种）以及肉芝软海绵科和皮海绵科（各6种）。到目前为止，种类最丰富的属是Haliclona（20种）。在所有四个调查的珊瑚礁中仅共有13种，即绿色亚海绵、异枝葡萄海绵、尖葡萄海绵、穴居枝状海绵、多变穿贝海绵、粗壮皮海绵、多样沟盘海绵、直栖海绵、哈特曼星骨海绵、火红特氏海绵、逃逸特氏海绵、双乳头泰提斯海绵和马扎泰提斯海绵。丰富度最高的珊瑚礁是CA和CVM，而RF的丰富度最低。在物种组成方面最相似的珊瑚礁是CA和CVM，而AA和RF与前两个珊瑚礁差异较大，且它们彼此之间也不同。虽然CA、CVM和AA之间的差异主要由物种更替解释，但RF因其较低的丰富度（嵌套性成分）与前两者不同。尽管CA和CVM是最丰富的珊瑚礁，但AA拥有最多的特有物种，突出了该珊瑚礁的独特性，并促使在发现海岸更全面的保护策略中纳入当地的滨岸岩岸礁。
