Departamento de Biologia Animal; Universidade de Lisboa; Cidade Universitária; Alameda da Universidade; 1649-004 Lisbon.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center; P.O. Box 9517; 2300 RA Leiden; Netherlands; Instituto Dom Luiz da Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande; 1749-016 Lisboa; Portugal; and International Health Centres; Av. Infante de Henrique 7; Areias São João; P-8200 Albufeira; Portugal.
Zootaxa. 2023 May 24;5295(1):1-150. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1.
In this work, all the Lower Pliocene gastropod assemblages of Santa Maria Island are revised. These all form part of the Touril Complex. Seventy-seven species are identified representing 61 genera. Two species are described as new: Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. and Erato mayeri nov. sp. The name Tritonium secans Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855). Pleurotoma perturrita Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838). However, due to the difficulties in collecting from these deposits, this is likely to be a considerable underestimate of the original diversity of local Early Pliocene gastropod faunas. The assemblage reflects a fully tropical with mean annual sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated about 3.7°C to 6.3°C higher than the present-day 20.6°C, and with mean monthly SSTs ranging from 20°C to 28°C, with six months with mean SSTs over 24°C. The assemblages all represent relatively shallow water, fully saline marine environments. At genus level the assemblage is typical of that seen in the tropical Mediterranean-West African Palaeobiogeographical Province during the early Pliocene (MPPMU1; roughly equivalent to the Zanclean and earliest Piacenzian). At species level, 35% of the species taxa found in Santa Maria are also found in the Mediterranean during MPPMU1. There is a much weaker association with the northern warm temperate Pliocene Boreal-Celtic Province, with only 17% of species occurring in both. Moreover, most of those are ubiquitous European species with both wide geographic and stratigraphic distributions. The assemblage is relatively endemic (29%) suggesting that the Azorean subprovince/ecoregion, which is recognised today, was already in place in the Lower Pliocene. A small number of tonnoidean species found in Santa Maria are species known to have had an amphiatlantic distribution during the Pliocene, and for Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953, a well-known and widely distributed tropical American Atlantic species from the Early Miocene to present-day, its presence in Santa Maria marks the most easterly range expansion for the species, as today is not found in the Azores.
在这项工作中，我们对圣玛丽亚岛所有的上新世腹足动物组合进行了修订。这些都构成了图里尔复合体的一部分。共鉴定出 77 种，代表 61 属。其中有两种被描述为新种：Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. 和 Erato mayeri nov. sp. 。在 Reiss 1862 年命名的 Tritonium secans Bronn 被认为是 Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855) 的次客观同义词。Pleurotoma perturrita Bronn in Reiss 1862 被认为是 Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838) 的次客观同义词。然而，由于从这些沉积物中采集的困难，这可能是对当地上新世早期腹足动物区系原始多样性的一个相当大的低估。组合反映了一个完全热带的环境，平均年海面温度（SST）估计比现在的 20.6°C高出 3.7°C 到 6.3°C，平均月 SST 范围从 20°C 到 28°C，有六个月的平均 SST 超过 24°C。这些组合都代表了相对较浅的、完全咸水的海洋环境。在属级水平上，该组合是上新世早期（MPPMU1；大致相当于赞克期和最早的皮亚琴期）热带地中海-西非古生物地理区系的典型代表。在种级水平上，在圣玛丽亚发现的 35%的物种也存在于 MPPMU1 期间的地中海。与北部暖温带上新世北方-凯尔特古生物区的联系较弱，只有 17%的物种同时存在于这两个地区。此外，大多数是具有广泛地理和地层分布的欧洲常见物种。该组合相对特有（29%），表明今天被认可的亚速尔群岛亚区/生态区在上新世就已经存在了。在圣玛丽亚发现的少量 tonnoidean 物种是在上新世具有泛大西洋分布的物种，对于 Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953，一种已知分布广泛的热带美洲大西洋物种，从早中新世到现在，它在圣玛丽亚的存在标志着该物种最东扩的范围，因为今天在亚速尔群岛没有发现它。
