Dept. of Invertebrate Zoology; NMNH; NHB-163; Smithsonian Institution; Washington D.C. 20560.
Zootaxa. 2023 Jun 27;5310(1):1-88. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1.
Assessment of Antarctic taxonomic diversity for asteroids and other taxa for poorly studied or unknown regions, such as the deep-sea, will be important for our understanding of these understudied habitats. Eleven new species and a new genus are described from three families (Asterinidae, Goniasteridae, Solasteridae) within the Valvatida, nearly all of which were collected from deep-sea settings below 1000 m by the US Antarctic Research Program in the 1960s. A new subfamily, the Kampylasterinae subfam. nov. is designated for Kampylaster and Astrotholus nov. gen. which were supported as sister taxa on a monophyletic clade within the Asterinidae. Astrotholus nov. gen. is described to accommodate "Anseropoda" antarctica and four new bathyal and abyssal species, which are a significant morphological divergence from the typological definition of Anseropoda. New species of the goniasterid Notioceramus and the solasterid Paralophaster are also described from bathyal depths (2000-3000 m). Paralophaster ferax n. sp. is among the deepest asteroids known to brood, is the first brooding species within Paralophaster and the second species in the Solasteridae known to brood. Following examination of the type and molecular data, Lophaster densus is found to be included within Paralophaster. A review of Antarctic Lophaster species shows additional specimens of Lophaster abbreviatus which support it as a distinct species from Lophaster stellans. New occurrence data for bathyal Antarctic Asteroidea as well as unusual-gut content observations of shallower-water species are also included.
评估南极洲小行星和其他在深海等研究较少或未知地区的分类多样性，对于我们了解这些研究较少的栖息地非常重要。在 Valvatida 内的三个科（Asterinidae、Goniasteridae、Solasteridae）中描述了 11 个新物种和一个新属，它们几乎都是美国南极研究计划在 20 世纪 60 年代从 1000 米以下的深海环境中采集的。一个新的亚科，Kampylasterinae subfam。nov. 被指定给 Kampylaster 和 Astrotholus nov. gen.，它们在 Asterinidae 内的一个单系分支上被支持为姐妹分类群。Astrotholus nov. gen. 被用来容纳“Anseropoda”antarctica 和四个新的深海和深渊物种，它们与 Anseropoda 的典型定义有显著的形态差异。来自深海的角海星科 Notioceramus 和太阳海星科 Paralophaster 的新物种也被描述。Paralophaster ferax n. sp. 是已知孵育的最深的海星之一，是 Paralophaster 中的第一个孵育物种，也是 Solasteridae 中第二个已知孵育的物种。在检查了模式标本和分子数据后，发现 Lophaster densus 被归入 Paralophaster。对南极洲 Lophaster 物种的审查显示，更多的 Lophaster abbreviatus 标本支持它是与 Lophaster stellans 不同的物种。还包括了深海南极 Asteroida 的新出现数据以及浅水区物种的异常肠道内容物观察。
