Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2024;21(7):993-1009. doi: 10.2174/1567201820666230731094258.
When breast cells divide and multiply out of control, it is called breast cancer. Symptoms include lump formation in the breast, a change in the texture or color of the breast, or a discharge from the nipple. Local or systemic therapy is frequently used to treat breast cancer. Surgical and radiation procedures limited to the affected area are examples of local management. There has been significant worldwide progress in the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) since 1986, when the first therapeutic mAb, Orthoclone OKT3, became commercially available. mAbs can resist the expansion of cancer cells by inducing the destruction of cellular membranes, blocking immune system inhibitors, and preventing the formation of new blood vessels. mAbs can also target growth factor receptors. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and its microenvironment is crucial for developing effective targeted cancer therapeutics. Due to their unique properties, mAbs have a wide range of clinical applications. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are drugs that improve the therapeutic index by combining an antigen-specific antibody with a payload. This review focuses on the therapeutic applications, mechanistic insights, characteristics, safety aspects, and adverse events of mAbs like trastuzumab, bevacizumab, pertuzumab, ertumaxomab, and atezolizumab in breast cancer treatment. The creation of novel technologies utilizing modified antibodies, such as fragments, conjugates, and multi-specific antibodies, must be a central focus of future studies. This review will help scientists working on developing mAbs to treat cancers more effectively.
当乳腺细胞失控分裂和增殖时，就会发生乳腺癌。其症状包括乳房内形成肿块、乳房质地或颜色改变，或乳头溢液。通常采用局部或全身治疗来治疗乳腺癌。手术和放射程序仅限于受影响的区域，是局部管理的例子。自 1986 年第一个治疗性单抗 Orthoclone OKT3 上市以来，全球在单克隆抗体（mAbs）的开发方面取得了重大进展。mAbs 可以通过诱导细胞膜破坏、阻断免疫系统抑制剂和防止新血管形成来抵抗癌细胞的扩张。mAbs 还可以靶向生长因子受体。了解肿瘤生长及其微环境中涉及的分子途径对于开发有效的靶向癌症治疗方法至关重要。由于其独特的特性，mAbs 具有广泛的临床应用。抗体药物偶联物（ADC）是通过将抗原特异性抗体与有效载荷结合来提高治疗指数的药物。这篇综述重点介绍了在乳腺癌治疗中曲妥珠单抗、贝伐珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、埃罗妥珠单抗和阿替利珠单抗等 mAbs 的治疗应用、作用机制、特性、安全性和不良反应。利用修饰抗体（如片段、缀合物和多特异性抗体）创建新技术必须是未来研究的核心重点。这篇综述将有助于从事开发 mAbs 以更有效地治疗癌症的科学家。
