Department of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Waste Manag Res. 2024 May;42(5):359-371. doi: 10.1177/0734242X231188023. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
The construction sector is the largest contributor to waste in Europe. Approximately one-third of all waste originates from construction and demolition. In Europe, most construction and demolition waste (CDW) is recycled as backfilling and only limited amounts of construction materials are reused for their original purpose. There is a current policy push by the European Commission (EC), as well as several EU member states, focused on lifting waste up the European waste hierarchy from recycling to reuse to help preserve resources and reduce the environmental impacts of CDW, which is considered a priority waste stream. This article explores the potential and the barriers to the increased reuse of CDW and describes several business models for reuse based around the intersection between public authorities, waste companies and private companies involved in the construction and demolition sector. The article is empirically based on a study of various reuse schemes operated by waste companies, municipalities and private waste operators in Denmark. Using a mixed-methods approach, in which survey methods are combined with company visits and qualitative interviews, the article analyzes the potential and the barriers to the creation of direct reuse schemes for CDW. Based on the findings from these, four generic business models for the direct reuse and recycling of CDW are synthesized specifically targeting the CDW fractions that are waste managed at public recycling stations. Finally, the article discusses how market conditions, environmental issues and quality can influence emerging reuse schemes.
建筑行业是欧洲产生废弃物最多的行业。大约有三分之一的废弃物都来自建筑和拆除行业。在欧洲，大多数建筑和拆除废弃物（CDW）都被回收用作回填材料，只有有限数量的建筑材料被重新用于其原始用途。欧盟委员会（EC）以及一些欧盟成员国目前都在推动一项政策，旨在将废弃物在欧洲废弃物层次结构中从回收提升到再利用，以帮助节约资源并减少 CDW 的环境影响，因为 CDW 被视为优先的废弃物流。本文探讨了增加 CDW 再利用的潜力和障碍，并描述了几种基于公共当局、废物公司和参与建筑和拆除行业的私营公司之间交叉点的再利用商业模式。本文基于对丹麦几家废物公司、市政府和私营废物经营者运营的各种再利用计划的研究，采用混合方法，将调查方法与公司访问和定性访谈相结合，分析了为 CDW 创建直接再利用计划的潜力和障碍。基于这些发现，本文针对在公共回收站进行废物管理的 CDW 部分，综合了四种针对 CDW 直接再利用和回收的通用商业模式。最后，本文讨论了市场条件、环境问题和质量如何影响新兴的再利用计划。
