State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Sep 6;11(32):7582-7608. doi: 10.1039/d3tb01097j.
Glucose oxidase (GOx) has attracted a lot of attention in the field of diabetes diagnosis and treatment in recent years owing to its inherent biocompatibility and glucose-specific catalysis. GOx can effectively catalyze the oxidation of glucose in the blood to hydrogen peroxide (HO) and glucuronic acid and can be used as a sensitive element in biosensors to detect blood glucose concentrations. Nanomaterials based on the immobilization of GOx can significantly improve the performance of glucose sensors through, for example, reduced electron tunneling distance. Moreover, various insulin-loaded nanomaterials (, metal-organic backbones, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles) have been developed for the control of blood glucose concentrations based on GOx catalytic chemistry. These nano-delivery carriers are capable of releasing insulin in response to GOx-mediated changes in the microenvironment, allowing for a rapid return of the blood microenvironment to a normal state. Therefore, glucose biosensors and insulin delivery vehicles immobilized with GOx are important tools for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. This paper reviews the characteristics of various GOx-based nanomaterials developed for glucose biosensing and insulin-responsive release as well as research progress, and also highlights the current challenges and opportunities facing this field.
葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）由于其固有生物相容性和葡萄糖特异性催化作用，近年来在糖尿病诊断和治疗领域引起了广泛关注。GOx 可以有效地催化血液中的葡萄糖氧化为过氧化氢（HO）和葡萄糖醛酸，并可用作生物传感器中的敏感元件来检测血糖浓度。基于 GOx 固定化的纳米材料可以通过降低电子隧穿距离等方式显著提高葡萄糖传感器的性能。此外，还开发了各种负载胰岛素的纳米材料（金属有机骨架和介孔硅纳米颗粒），基于 GOx 催化化学来控制血糖浓度。这些纳米递药载体能够响应 GOx 介导的微环境变化释放胰岛素，使血液微环境迅速恢复正常状态。因此，固定有 GOx 的葡萄糖生物传感器和胰岛素递药载体是糖尿病诊断和治疗的重要工具。本文综述了为葡萄糖生物传感和胰岛素响应释放而开发的各种基于 GOx 的纳米材料的特性、研究进展，并强调了该领域当前面临的挑战和机遇。
