From the Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet/Health Partners Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Dermatitis. 2023 Nov-Dec;34(6):536-546. doi: 10.1089/derm.2023.0140. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is an aromatic amine dye that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study examines the epidemiology of allergic patch test reactions to PPD. This retrospective analysis characterizes individuals tested to PPD (1% petrolatum) by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (1994-2018). Demographics and dermatitis site(s) were compared between PPD-allergic and PPD-negative patients. PPD reactions were analyzed by reaction strength, clinical relevance, occupational relatedness, and source as well as coreactivity with structurally related compounds. Of 54,917 patients tested to PPD, 3095 (5.6%) had an allergic patch test reaction. Compared with PPD-negative patients, PPD-allergic patients had significantly greater odds of age >40 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.55 [95% confidence interval; CI 1.43-1.69]) and female gender (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.41-1.66]), but lower odds of being White (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.60-0.71]). The most common primary anatomic sites of dermatitis were face (25.5%), hands (21.9%), and scattered/generalized pattern (15.5%). Over half (55.3%) of PPD reactions were ++ or +++ at the final reading and 60.9% were currently relevant. Common exposure sources included hair dye (73.5%) and clothing/shoes/apparel (3.9%). Occupationally related reactions occurred in 8.3%, most commonly in hairdressers/cosmetologists (72.8%). The most common coreactions were benzocaine (11.3%), -isopropyl-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine (6.7%), disperse dye mix (6.5%), and black rubber mix (5.1%). The 24-year percentage of allergic reactions to PPD was 5.6%. PPD allergy was associated with female gender and age >40 years. PPD allergic patients were less likely to be White. Allergic reactions were usually clinically relevant and hair dye was the most frequently identified source.
对苯二胺（PPD）是一种芳香胺染料，可能引起过敏接触性皮炎。本研究调查了对 PPD 过敏斑贴试验反应的流行病学。这项回顾性分析通过北美接触性皮炎组（1994-2018 年）对 PPD（1%凡士林）进行测试的个体进行特征描述。比较了 PPD 过敏和 PPD 阴性患者的人口统计学和皮炎部位。根据反应强度、临床相关性、职业相关性以及来源分析 PPD 反应，并与结构相关化合物进行对比。在对 PPD 进行测试的 54917 名患者中，有 3095 名（5.6%）出现过敏斑贴试验反应。与 PPD 阴性患者相比，PPD 过敏患者年龄>40 岁的几率显著更高（比值比 [OR] 1.55 [95%置信区间；CI 1.43-1.69]）和女性（OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.41-1.66]），但白人的几率较低（OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.60-0.71]）。皮炎的最常见原发性解剖部位是面部（25.5%）、手部（21.9%）和散发性/全身性（15.5%）。超过一半（55.3%）的 PPD 反应在最终读数时为 ++ 或 +++，60.9% 目前与相关。常见的暴露源包括染发剂（73.5%）和衣物/鞋子/服装（3.9%）。职业相关反应占 8.3%，最常见于美发师/美容师（72.8%）。最常见的合并反应是苯佐卡因（11.3%）、-异丙基--对苯二胺（6.7%）、分散染料混合物（6.5%）和黑色橡胶混合物（5.1%）。24 年来，PPD 过敏反应的百分比为 5.6%。PPD 过敏与女性和年龄>40 岁有关。PPD 过敏患者白人较少。过敏反应通常具有临床相关性，染发剂是最常识别的来源。
